CAJ | 학술논문

在典型滨海盐碱地区,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了玉米需肥特性、施肥效应及土壤供肥能力,以期为滨海盐碱地区合理施肥提供参考。结果表明,玉米籽粒养分含量平均为：N 1.224%,P2 O50.480%,K2 O 0.377%；秸秆养分含量平均为：N 0.820%,P2 O50.142%,K2 O 2.552%；生产100 kg经济产量所需养分量平均为：N 1.92 kg,P2 O50．60 kg,K2 O 2.55 kg。肥料增产率高低顺序为氮肥(44.39%)>磷肥(13.79%)>钾肥(6.55%)；每千克氮、磷、钾肥可分别增产9.44,8.38,2.83 kg籽粒；玉米氮、磷、钾肥当季利用率分别为19.96%,5.60%,30.64%。通过建立玉米施肥效应模型,获得本试验条件下最佳经济施肥量为氮(N)348.5 kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)133.6 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)19.1 kg/hm2。本试验条件下土壤氮、磷、钾养分校正系数分别为52.06%,190.30%,32.67%；氮、磷、钾肥相对产量分别为69.26%,87.88%,93.85%,土壤养分丰缺程度氮处于低水平,磷、钾处于中等水平,高低顺序为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥。因此,滨海盐碱地区玉米施肥应重视氮、磷肥的施用,不施或少施钾肥,即可获得高产并取得较高的经济效益。
재전형빈해염감지구,채용수궤구조시험설계,연구료옥미수비특성、시비효응급토양공비능력,이기위빈해염감지구합리시비제공삼고。결과표명,옥미자립양분함량평균위：N 1.224%,P2 O50.480%,K2 O 0.377%；갈간양분함량평균위：N 0.820%,P2 O50.142%,K2 O 2.552%；생산100 kg경제산량소수양분량평균위：N 1.92 kg,P2 O50．60 kg,K2 O 2.55 kg。비료증산솔고저순서위담비(44.39%)>린비(13.79%)>갑비(6.55%)；매천극담、린、갑비가분별증산9.44,8.38,2.83 kg자립；옥미담、린、갑비당계이용솔분별위19.96%,5.60%,30.64%。통과건립옥미시비효응모형,획득본시험조건하최가경제시비량위담(N)348.5 kg/hm2、린(P2O5)133.6 kg/hm2、갑(K2O)19.1 kg/hm2。본시험조건하토양담、린、갑양분교정계수분별위52.06%,190.30%,32.67%；담、린、갑비상대산량분별위69.26%,87.88%,93.85%,토양양분봉결정도담처우저수평,린、갑처우중등수평,고저순서위갑비>린비>담비。인차,빈해염감지구옥미시비응중시담、린비적시용,불시혹소시갑비,즉가획득고산병취득교고적경제효익。
Based on randomized block experimental design,the nutrient absorption characteristics of maize,fer-tilization effects and soil nutrients supply capacity were investigated in order to provide reference for rational fertili-zation in coastal saline areas. The results showed that N,P2O5 and K2O contents of maize grain were 1. 224%, 0. 480%,0. 377%,respectively;and the N,P2 O5 ,K2 O contents of straw were 0. 820%,0. 142%,2. 552%,respec-tively. N,P and K amounts required per 100 kilogram economic outputs of maize were 1. 92,0. 60,2. 55 kg,respec-tively. The maize yield increment rates by the application of N,P,K fertilizer were separately 44. 39%,13. 79%, 6. 55%,and the maize yield increment per kilogram of N,P,K were separately 9. 44,8. 38,2. 83 kg. Fertilization effect on maize yield showed the trend of N>P>K. Fertilizer usage efficiency of N,P,K fertilizer were separately 19. 96%,5. 60%,30. 64% under this experimental condition. The equation of fertilization effects on maize was ob-tained by mathematic simulation,and the optimum economic amounts of N(N),P(P2O5),K(K2O)were 348. 5, 133. 6,19. 1 kg/ha,respectively. Soil nutrient correction coefficients of N,P,K were 52. 06%,190. 30%,32. 67%, respectively. The relative yields of N,P,K were 69. 26%,87. 88%,93. 85%,respectively. The experimental results indicated that soil N supply capacity was low,soil P,soil K supply capacity were at the medium level. The order from high to low was K>P>N. Therefore,in the coastal saline maize fertilization process,we should pay attention to nitrogen,phosphate fertilizer application,reducing the amount of potash,in order to obtain high yield and get higher economic efficiency.