CAJ | 학술논문

近年来由于自然环境变化和人类工程实践活动的影响，水土流失、滑坡等地质灾害发生的概率逐年提高，这些灾害的发生为当地人们的生产、生活带来了一定程度的危害。利用植物固土护坡方法可有效防治上述地质灾害的发生。植物固土护坡效应主要表现在水文效应和力学效应两方面。水文效应包括植物茎叶的降雨截留作用，植物茎叶削弱雨滴溅蚀作用，植物茎叶及其腐殖质抑制地表径流作用；力学效应包括须状根系的加筋作用、主直根系的锚固作用和水平根系的牵拉作用等。本文着重探讨了植物护坡表现在水文效应和力学效应两方面的研究现状及其发展趋势。其中，在水文效应方面，对植物茎叶降雨截留及削弱溅蚀等进行了着重探讨；对于力学效应着重探讨了根系增强土体抗剪强度理论模型、根-土相互作用、植物固土护坡力学效应数值模拟等。在上述基础上，指出了植物固土护坡效应发展趋势，即体现在水文效应方面，需开展大气-土体-植物水分迁移对边坡稳定性影响研究；根-土复合体强度理论模型方面，进一步探讨Wu-Waldron-Model模型和Fiber-Bundle-Model模型所适用的工况条件；数值模拟方面，需进一步探讨在建立计算模型时应系统考虑植物根型特征、根系强度等诸因素以及这些因素对计算结果的影响；在工程实践方面，进一步开展植物护坡方法在边坡工程中的应用，探索植物护坡在不同地质、气候和区域环境条件下的应用与维护，使植物固土护坡效应体现出水文效应、力学效应、景观效应的有机结合。
근년래유우자연배경변화화인류공정실천활동적영향，수토류실、활파등지질재해발생적개솔축년제고，저사재해적발생위당지인문적생산、생활대래료일정정도적위해。이용식물고토호파방법가유효방치상술지질재해적발생。식물고토호파효응주요표현재수문효응화역학효응량방면。수문효응포괄식물경협적강우절류작용，식물경협삭약우적천식작용，식물경협급기부식질억제지표경류작용；역학효응포괄수상근계적가근작용、주직근계적묘고작용화수평근계적견랍작용등。본문착중탐토료식물호파표현재수문효응화역학효응량방면적연구현상급기발전추세。기중，재수문효응방면，대식물경협강우절류급삭약천식등진행료착중탐토；대우역학효응착중탐토료근계증강토체항전강도이론모형、근-토상호작용、식물고토호파역학효응수치모의등。재상술기출상，지출료식물고토호파효응발전추세，즉체현재수문효응방면，수개전대기-토체-식물수분천이대변파은정성영향연구；근-토복합체강도이론모형방면，진일보탐토Wu-Waldron-Model모형화Fiber-Bundle-Model모형소괄용적공황조건；수치모의방면，수진일보탐토재건립계산모형시응계통고필식물근형특정、근계강도등제인소이급저사인소대계산결과적영향；재공정실천방면，진일보개전식물호파방법재변파공정중적응용，탐색식물호파재불동지질、기후화구역배경조건하적응용여유호，사식물고토호파효응체현출수문효응、역학효응、경관효응적유궤결합。
In recent years,due to the change of natural environment and the influence of human engineering activities,the occurrence probability of geological disasters such as soil erosion and landslides have been increasing. These geological disasters bring some damages to people's living and productive activities.Methods of soil fixation and slope protection by vegetation can prevent and control the geological disasters.The soil fixation and slope protection by vegetation can be mainly reflected in two aspects:hydrological effect by the stems and leaves of plants and the mechanical effect by the root of plants.Hydrological effect includes rainfall interception effect and rainfall reallocation effect by plant stems and leaves,effect of reduction in raindrop splash erosion by foliage,and plant residues and surface runoff retardation effect by plant above-ground residues.The mechanical effect includes reinforcement effect by fibril roots,anchorage effect by taproots,and traction effect by horizontal roots.The paper highlights the research status of hydrological effect and mechanical effect.For hydrological effect,content such as rainfall interception effect and rainfall reallocation effect by plant stems and leaves,effect of reduction in raindrop splash erosion by foliage and so on are the key contents.For mechanical effect,the theoretical models for the additional cohesion force due to the presence of roots,the interaction between plant roots and the surrounding soil matrix and the numerical simulation methods for the mechanical effect of the slope protection by vegetation are emphasized.In addition,the development tendency of soil fixation and slope protection by vegetation has been predicted.For hydrological effect,a further investigation on the influence of water migration among atmosphere-soil-plant on slope stability is desirable.For the theoretical models of root-soil composite system,a further exploration on the working conditions for which the Wu-Waldron-Model and Fiber-Bundle-Model can be suitable, is necessary.For the numerical simulation methods,effort is needed to explore a model that meet the real condition. With the establishment of numerical model,the parameters such as the root architecture features,root length and so on,as well as these parameters influencing on the calculation results should be taken into account systematically. For the engineering practice,a further study on the application of slope protection by vegetation should be performed to explore the application and maintenance of slope protection by vegetation in different geological and climatic conditions to ensure that slope protection by vegetation can play an eminent role in engineering practice as well as embodying the combination of hydrological effect,mechanical effect and landscape effect.