工程地质学报
工程地質學報
공정지질학보
2014年
6期
1309-1315
,共7页
矿渣堆%危险性评价%矿渣碎屑流%灾害链效应
礦渣堆%危險性評價%礦渣碎屑流%災害鏈效應
광사퇴%위험성평개%광사쇄설류%재해련효응
Slag heap%Hazard evaluation%Mine debris flow%Disaster chain effect
矿产开采过程中，大规模不合理的矿渣堆弃以及高强度降雨等所引发的矿渣碎屑流，对矿山的正常生产和人员安全带来了巨大的风险。由于矿渣堆普遍沿沟谷呈串珠状分布，若下级渣堆受到上级矿渣碎屑流的冲击、加载作用，其失稳起动概率及渣流量将明显增加，这种空间逐级影响所表现出的灾害链效应是矿渣碎屑流灾害作用的重要特征。以小秦岭乱石沟为例，在对研究区内矿渣堆详细调查的基础上，首先以矿渣堆高度、坡度、方量、是否堆载振动、底床坡度以及降雨汇流累积量6项指标对矿渣堆的危险性进行评价。其次，采用UBCDFLOW方法，考虑碎屑流的路径宽度、平均坡角及流动类型，估算碎屑流的滑移距离。最后，在此基础上从风险评价与预测的角度出发，综合考虑矿渣堆碎屑流的链状逐级影响，以及下级渣堆位于上级渣堆碎屑流冲击范围内的相对位置，得到灾害链效应下的矿渣堆危险性评价。计算结果表明考虑灾害链效应后，乱石沟内受碎屑流影响的矿渣堆的破坏概率明显增加，研究结果也为矿山沟谷流域矿渣堆灾害的风险评价及防治规划设计提供依据。
礦產開採過程中，大規模不閤理的礦渣堆棄以及高彊度降雨等所引髮的礦渣碎屑流，對礦山的正常生產和人員安全帶來瞭巨大的風險。由于礦渣堆普遍沿溝穀呈串珠狀分佈，若下級渣堆受到上級礦渣碎屑流的遲擊、加載作用，其失穩起動概率及渣流量將明顯增加，這種空間逐級影響所錶現齣的災害鏈效應是礦渣碎屑流災害作用的重要特徵。以小秦嶺亂石溝為例，在對研究區內礦渣堆詳細調查的基礎上，首先以礦渣堆高度、坡度、方量、是否堆載振動、底床坡度以及降雨彙流纍積量6項指標對礦渣堆的危險性進行評價。其次，採用UBCDFLOW方法，攷慮碎屑流的路徑寬度、平均坡角及流動類型，估算碎屑流的滑移距離。最後，在此基礎上從風險評價與預測的角度齣髮，綜閤攷慮礦渣堆碎屑流的鏈狀逐級影響，以及下級渣堆位于上級渣堆碎屑流遲擊範圍內的相對位置，得到災害鏈效應下的礦渣堆危險性評價。計算結果錶明攷慮災害鏈效應後，亂石溝內受碎屑流影響的礦渣堆的破壞概率明顯增加，研究結果也為礦山溝穀流域礦渣堆災害的風險評價及防治規劃設計提供依據。
광산개채과정중，대규모불합리적광사퇴기이급고강도강우등소인발적광사쇄설류，대광산적정상생산화인원안전대래료거대적풍험。유우광사퇴보편연구곡정천주상분포，약하급사퇴수도상급광사쇄설류적충격、가재작용，기실은기동개솔급사류량장명현증가，저충공간축급영향소표현출적재해련효응시광사쇄설류재해작용적중요특정。이소진령란석구위례，재대연구구내광사퇴상세조사적기출상，수선이광사퇴고도、파도、방량、시부퇴재진동、저상파도이급강우회류루적량6항지표대광사퇴적위험성진행평개。기차，채용UBCDFLOW방법，고필쇄설류적로경관도、평균파각급류동류형，고산쇄설류적활이거리。최후，재차기출상종풍험평개여예측적각도출발，종합고필광사퇴쇄설류적련상축급영향，이급하급사퇴위우상급사퇴쇄설류충격범위내적상대위치，득도재해련효응하적광사퇴위험성평개。계산결과표명고필재해련효응후，란석구내수쇄설류영향적광사퇴적파배개솔명현증가，연구결과야위광산구곡류역광사퇴재해적풍험평개급방치규화설계제공의거。
During the process of mineral exploitation,extensive unreasonable slag discharge and mine debris flow induced by high intensity rainfall can cause tremendous risks to the normal production and personnel safety. Meanwhile,massive slag heaps are distributed along the gully.The slag heap at lower elevation can be impacted by the debris flow caused by the failure of slag heap at higher elevation.Its failure probability can greatly increase.The disaster chain effect,shown with the spatial successive influence,is an important formation character of mine debris flow.The Luanshi gully is taken as study area.It is at Xiaoqinling,China.The study is based on the detailed investigation of slag heaps.The height,slope angle and volume of slag heaps,continuing heaping or not,original terrain slope and rainfall confluence cumulant are selected as indexes to evaluate the stability of slag heaps.The travel distances of mine debris flow are estimated using an empirical-statistical model (UBCDFLOW)considering width of path,slope angle and the type of flow behavior.Subsequently,the chain effect of the mine debris flow and the relative position between the slag heaps at higher and lower elevation are considered.The slag heap hazard assessment under disaster chain effect is obtained.It is concluded that the failure probabilities of slag heaps influenced by debris flow are increased distinctly.The results can provide useful advices for risk assessment and treatment design of slag heaps in Xiaoqinling Luanshi gully.
