工程地质学报
工程地質學報
공정지질학보
2014年
6期
1028-1033
,共6页
非饱和土%定水头压力%向上渗流试验仪%研制%应用
非飽和土%定水頭壓力%嚮上滲流試驗儀%研製%應用
비포화토%정수두압력%향상삼류시험의%연제%응용
Unsaturated loess%Constant head pressure%Upward permeameter%Development%Application
地下水（潜水）位上升，在黄土（非饱和土）中会产生一种特殊的渗流现象———向上渗流。为了探索黄土中的向上渗流规律，研制了非饱和土向上渗流试验仪。试验仪器由补水装置、渗流装置、连接管及试验台等部件组成，可用来模拟不同水势压力（定水头压力）条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程。该试验仪不仅可直接观察水在土中向上渗流的过程、渗流锋面形态及变化，而且可以获取渗流锋面位移－时间关系（渗流速度）、渗流压力－渗流速度关系等渗流特征参数，揭示向上渗流规律，服务于黄土灾害（滑坡、崩塌、地面沉降等）研究。基于此试验仪器，采取两组原状非饱和离石黄土，对其均分别进行定压力水头为1 cm、5cm、10cm的向上渗流模拟试验，试验结果表明：试验仪器能够较好模拟定水头压力条件下潜水位上升的水土作用过程、直观再现水在土中的向上渗流以及获取所需的向上渗流特征参数，具有一定的应用前景及价值。
地下水（潛水）位上升，在黃土（非飽和土）中會產生一種特殊的滲流現象———嚮上滲流。為瞭探索黃土中的嚮上滲流規律，研製瞭非飽和土嚮上滲流試驗儀。試驗儀器由補水裝置、滲流裝置、連接管及試驗檯等部件組成，可用來模擬不同水勢壓力（定水頭壓力）條件下潛水位上升的水土作用過程。該試驗儀不僅可直接觀察水在土中嚮上滲流的過程、滲流鋒麵形態及變化，而且可以穫取滲流鋒麵位移－時間關繫（滲流速度）、滲流壓力－滲流速度關繫等滲流特徵參數，揭示嚮上滲流規律，服務于黃土災害（滑坡、崩塌、地麵沉降等）研究。基于此試驗儀器，採取兩組原狀非飽和離石黃土，對其均分彆進行定壓力水頭為1 cm、5cm、10cm的嚮上滲流模擬試驗，試驗結果錶明：試驗儀器能夠較好模擬定水頭壓力條件下潛水位上升的水土作用過程、直觀再現水在土中的嚮上滲流以及穫取所需的嚮上滲流特徵參數，具有一定的應用前景及價值。
지하수（잠수）위상승，재황토（비포화토）중회산생일충특수적삼류현상———향상삼류。위료탐색황토중적향상삼류규률，연제료비포화토향상삼류시험의。시험의기유보수장치、삼류장치、련접관급시험태등부건조성，가용래모의불동수세압력（정수두압력）조건하잠수위상승적수토작용과정。해시험의불부가직접관찰수재토중향상삼류적과정、삼류봉면형태급변화，이차가이획취삼류봉면위이－시간관계（삼류속도）、삼류압력－삼류속도관계등삼류특정삼수，게시향상삼류규률，복무우황토재해（활파、붕탑、지면침강등）연구。기우차시험의기，채취량조원상비포화리석황토，대기균분별진행정압력수두위1 cm、5cm、10cm적향상삼류모의시험，시험결과표명：시험의기능구교호모의정수두압력조건하잠수위상승적수토작용과정、직관재현수재토중적향상삼류이급획취소수적향상삼류특정삼수，구유일정적응용전경급개치。
Upward seepage,a special kind of seepage phenomenon,can be generated in the loess (unsaturated soil)on the rise of underground water(phreatic water)level.In order to explore the upward seepage law in the loess,the upward permeameter on unsaturated soil is developed.This experimental instrument consists of water replenishing device,seepage device,connecting pipe which connects the two devices and test bed.It can simulate the interaction between soil and water under different water pressure(constant head pressure)on the rise of water table.The tester can directly observe the process of water upward seepage in the loess,the shape and the change of seepage front and can obtain the relationship between seepage frontal displacement and time(seepage velocity),the relationship between seepage pressure and seepage velocity.Revealing the upward seepage law to serve the study of loess disasters(landslide,collapse,land subsidence and the like)is of great significance.On the basis of the experimental instrument,two sets of in-situ unsaturated Lishi loess are selected to do simulation.The constant pressure heads of the two sets of soil samples are 1 cm,5cm and 1 0cm.The experimental results show that the instrument can effectively simulate the interaction between soil and water under constant head pressure on the rise of water table, intuitively reproduce the water seepage in the soil and obtain the required upward seepage characteristic parameters.Also,the permeameter renders certain practical value and application prospect.
