东北林业大学学报
東北林業大學學報
동북임업대학학보
JOURNAL OF NORTHEAST FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
2014年
12期
102-105
,共4页
林琳%单博%卢倩倩%王恩姮
林琳%單博%盧倩倩%王恩姮
림림%단박%로천천%왕은항
黑土%机械压实%土壤持水特征%土壤水分特征曲线%土壤孔隙分布
黑土%機械壓實%土壤持水特徵%土壤水分特徵麯線%土壤孔隙分佈
흑토%궤계압실%토양지수특정%토양수분특정곡선%토양공극분포
Black soil%Mechanical compaction%Soil water holding capacity%Soil water characteristic curve%Pore size distribution
以东北典型黑土区耕种作物和耕作措施均一致的农田土壤为研究对象，用MT865履带式拖拉机对其进行不同次数的压实处理，绘制碾压剖面不同深度土层范围内水分特征曲线，分析模拟压实对农田黑土总孔隙度、持水能力及不同径级孔隙分配的影响规律。结果表明：随着压实次数的增加，土壤的总孔隙度降低，饱和持水能力相应减弱；但不同土层土壤的非饱和持水能力，并没有随着压实程度的变化表现出显著的规律；与未压实处理相比，不同次数的压实，可通过增加较小径级孔隙的体积比例保持其非饱和持水能力，并以少次压实（3次）的效果较为明显。农田黑土耕作区的土壤孔隙，主要由中孔隙和微孔隙（孔径＜30μm）组成，体积百分比均超过30％；其次为大孔隙（孔径＞100μm），体积百分比为2．42％～7．89％；二者受模拟机械压实的影响较大。次大孔隙（孔径介于30～100μm）所占比例不足1％，受模拟机械压实的影响较小。
以東北典型黑土區耕種作物和耕作措施均一緻的農田土壤為研究對象，用MT865履帶式拖拉機對其進行不同次數的壓實處理，繪製碾壓剖麵不同深度土層範圍內水分特徵麯線，分析模擬壓實對農田黑土總孔隙度、持水能力及不同徑級孔隙分配的影響規律。結果錶明：隨著壓實次數的增加，土壤的總孔隙度降低，飽和持水能力相應減弱；但不同土層土壤的非飽和持水能力，併沒有隨著壓實程度的變化錶現齣顯著的規律；與未壓實處理相比，不同次數的壓實，可通過增加較小徑級孔隙的體積比例保持其非飽和持水能力，併以少次壓實（3次）的效果較為明顯。農田黑土耕作區的土壤孔隙，主要由中孔隙和微孔隙（孔徑＜30μm）組成，體積百分比均超過30％；其次為大孔隙（孔徑＞100μm），體積百分比為2．42％～7．89％；二者受模擬機械壓實的影響較大。次大孔隙（孔徑介于30～100μm）所佔比例不足1％，受模擬機械壓實的影響較小。
이동북전형흑토구경충작물화경작조시균일치적농전토양위연구대상，용MT865리대식타랍궤대기진행불동차수적압실처리，회제년압부면불동심도토층범위내수분특정곡선，분석모의압실대농전흑토총공극도、지수능력급불동경급공극분배적영향규률。결과표명：수착압실차수적증가，토양적총공극도강저，포화지수능력상응감약；단불동토층토양적비포화지수능력，병몰유수착압실정도적변화표현출현저적규률；여미압실처리상비，불동차수적압실，가통과증가교소경급공극적체적비례보지기비포화지수능력，병이소차압실（3차）적효과교위명현。농전흑토경작구적토양공극，주요유중공극화미공극（공경＜30μm）조성，체적백분비균초과30％；기차위대공극（공경＞100μm），체적백분비위2．42％～7．89％；이자수모의궤계압실적영향교대。차대공극（공경개우30～100μm）소점비례불족1％，수모의궤계압실적영향교소。
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of mechanical compaction on water retention characteristics , porosity and pore size distribution of black soil of Northeast China .MT865 caterpillar tractor was used as external load to roll through farmland soils by growing same crop , conducting same tillage measures and carrying out same working machine . Total soil porosity decreased with the increasing of the tractor pass times , the retention capacity of the water saturation was weaken .The unsaturated water holding capacity did not show a significant trend with changing compaction treatments .The pores volume of smaller diameter could increase when few ( three passes ) compaction treatments was executed and resulted to a higher unsaturated water holding capacity comparing to non-compaction treatment .The tilling area of black soil is mainly consisted of pores with diameter smaller than 30μm and those with their diameter larger than 100μm with volume percent of more than 30%and 2.42%-7.89%, respectively .This type of soil pores could be affected more intensively by the mechanical compaction than those pores with diameter between 30-100μm, which is composed of less than 1%of total porosity , and there was no significant change by soil compaction .
