CAJ | 학술논문

在几十年历史演变过程中，法兰克福学派批判理论经历了三期发展，即从“老批判理论”到“新批判理论”再到“后批判理论”。就它们与马克思主义关系而言，第一期发展以霍克海默、阿多尔诺的“跨学科唯物主义”和启蒙辩证法为代表，与传统马克思主义“渐行渐远”；第二期发展以哈贝马斯的历史唯物主义重建为代表，被重建后的历史唯物主义已经“面目全非”；第三期发展以霍耐特对早期批判理论与马克思的重新诠释为代表，被重新诠释后的马克思已经成为“另一个马克思”。因而，从总体上看，法兰克福学派三代批判理论家对待马克思主义的态度是：从欣赏、信奉到怀疑、批判，再到超越、重建。
재궤십년역사연변과정중，법란극복학파비판이론경력료삼기발전，즉종“로비판이론”도“신비판이론”재도“후비판이론”。취타문여마극사주의관계이언，제일기발전이곽극해묵、아다이낙적“과학과유물주의”화계몽변증법위대표，여전통마극사주의“점행점원”；제이기발전이합패마사적역사유물주의중건위대표，피중건후적역사유물주의이경“면목전비”；제삼기발전이곽내특대조기비판이론여마극사적중신전석위대표，피중신전석후적마극사이경성위“령일개마극사”。인이，종총체상간，법란극복학파삼대비판이론가대대마극사주의적태도시：종흔상、신봉도부의、비판，재도초월、중건。
In the historical transformation over decades, Frankfurt School of Critical Theory experienc?es three stages of development, that is, from“old Critical Theory”to“new Critical Theory”to“post Critical Theory”. As for their relation with Marxism, the first stage is represented by Horkheimer and Adorno’s“interdisciplinary materialism”and enlightenment dialectics, which is gradually away from traditional Marxism; the second stage is represented by Habermas’s re-construction of historical materialism, which is beyond recognition; the third stage is represented by Honneth’s reinterpretation of early Critical Theory and Marxism, which turns out to be“another Marxism”. Therefore, generally speaking, the attitudes of the three generations of Frankfurt School are: from appreciation, belief to doubt, criticism, to surpassing and reconstruction of Marxism.