心理学探新
心理學探新
심이학탐신
EXPLORATION OF PSYCHOLOGY
2014年
6期
548-553
,共6页
陈玲丽%金盛华%刘文%孙丽
陳玲麗%金盛華%劉文%孫麗
진령려%금성화%류문%손려
个体主义%集体主义%参照对象%关系集体%泛集体
箇體主義%集體主義%參照對象%關繫集體%汎集體
개체주의%집체주의%삼조대상%관계집체%범집체
individualism%collectivism%reference target%relational group%unspecified group
目的：通过区分参照对象，探讨中西方被试在个体主义一集体主义上的可能差异及具体表现。方法：采用中英文版自编问卷和马洛—克罗恩社会赞许性量表进行测量，其中中国被试453名和西方被试180名，并进行跨文化比较。结果：当参照对象是“自己”、一般关系群体时中西方被试没有显著差异；当参照对象是亲密关系群体、泛群体时中国被试得分显著高于西方被试，但两者的效应值都不高；参照对象对因变量的影响力效应值达到0.33；单纯主要效果比较显示中国被试的亲密关系群体总分＞“自己”＞一般关系群体＞泛群体（两两之间差异显著），西方被试的“自己”总分＞亲密关系群体＞一般关系群体＞泛群体（两两之间差异显著）。主要结论如下：文化间在个体主义—集体主义上的差异并不明显；参照对象对个体主义—集体主义的影响显著，随着人际距离由亲到疏中西方被试越倾向于个体主义。
目的：通過區分參照對象，探討中西方被試在箇體主義一集體主義上的可能差異及具體錶現。方法：採用中英文版自編問捲和馬洛—剋囉恩社會讚許性量錶進行測量，其中中國被試453名和西方被試180名，併進行跨文化比較。結果：噹參照對象是“自己”、一般關繫群體時中西方被試沒有顯著差異；噹參照對象是親密關繫群體、汎群體時中國被試得分顯著高于西方被試，但兩者的效應值都不高；參照對象對因變量的影響力效應值達到0.33；單純主要效果比較顯示中國被試的親密關繫群體總分＞“自己”＞一般關繫群體＞汎群體（兩兩之間差異顯著），西方被試的“自己”總分＞親密關繫群體＞一般關繫群體＞汎群體（兩兩之間差異顯著）。主要結論如下：文化間在箇體主義—集體主義上的差異併不明顯；參照對象對箇體主義—集體主義的影響顯著，隨著人際距離由親到疏中西方被試越傾嚮于箇體主義。
목적：통과구분삼조대상，탐토중서방피시재개체주의일집체주의상적가능차이급구체표현。방법：채용중영문판자편문권화마락—극라은사회찬허성량표진행측량，기중중국피시453명화서방피시180명，병진행과문화비교。결과：당삼조대상시“자기”、일반관계군체시중서방피시몰유현저차이；당삼조대상시친밀관계군체、범군체시중국피시득분현저고우서방피시，단량자적효응치도불고；삼조대상대인변량적영향력효응치체도0.33；단순주요효과비교현시중국피시적친밀관계군체총분＞“자기”＞일반관계군체＞범군체（량량지간차이현저），서방피시적“자기”총분＞친밀관계군체＞일반관계군체＞범군체（량량지간차이현저）。주요결론여하：문화간재개체주의—집체주의상적차이병불명현；삼조대상대개체주의—집체주의적영향현저，수착인제거리유친도소중서방피시월경향우개체주의。
Objective:To explore the IND-COL differences between Chinese and Westerners from the perspective of distinguishing be-tween the reference targets. Methods:The developed Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirabili-ty Scale were adopted to test 453 Chinese and 180 Westerners( mainly Canadians). Results:Chinese subjects were not less individualis-tic than the Western ones with respect to“individual self”and“relational others”,they were significantly more collectivistic than the Western ones with respect to“intimate others”and“unspecified group”;however,the effect size was small. The effect size of reference target was significant. Post Hoc Multiple Comparison’s results indicated that the sort of the total score of sub-questionnaire was the following:according to Chinese,“intimate others”>“individual self”>“relational others”>“unspecified group”( significant differ-ence between any two);according to Westerners,“individual self”>“intimate others”>“relational others”>“unspecified group”( significant difference between any two). Conclusions:There were no significant cultural difference between Chinese and Westernerns. The main effect of reference target was significant,Both Chinese and Westernerns inclined to show more individualism with the interper-sonal distance from close to alienate.
