CAJ | 학술논문

为给可降解地膜材料的推广提供理论和实践依据，采用田间对比试验比较了2种可降解地膜（麻地膜、液态膜）、普通塑料地膜和露地栽培对土壤水分、温度、养分的效应及对蚕豆生长的影响。结果表明，可降解麻地膜对土壤水分、温度和蚕豆生长的影响与普通塑料地膜相当，均使0～20 cm 土壤水分含量、地表及地下5 cm、10 cm 土壤温度、碱解 N、速效 P 和速效 K、有机质、叶绿素含量等明显高于露地对照（p ＜0．05），使蚕豆出苗率提高，生育进程加快，株高、有效枝和单株荚数增加，产量比对照提高21．65％；液态地膜在蚕豆生长前期地膜效应显著，随着生育进程的推进受到环境影响较大，降解加快，保温、保水效果差，与露地对照无显著差异。结论：麻地膜与普通塑料地膜在土壤保水、保温、养分增加及对蚕豆生长的影响方面均具有显著效果，且相互间没有明显差异，降解麻地膜可以替代普通塑料地膜应用于农业生产。
위급가강해지막재료적추엄제공이론화실천의거，채용전간대비시험비교료2충가강해지막（마지막、액태막）、보통소료지막화로지재배대토양수분、온도、양분적효응급대잠두생장적영향。결과표명，가강해마지막대토양수분、온도화잠두생장적영향여보통소료지막상당，균사0～20 cm 토양수분함량、지표급지하5 cm、10 cm 토양온도、감해 N、속효 P 화속효 K、유궤질、협록소함량등명현고우로지대조（p ＜0．05），사잠두출묘솔제고，생육진정가쾌，주고、유효지화단주협수증가，산량비대조제고21．65％；액태지막재잠두생장전기지막효응현저，수착생육진정적추진수도배경영향교대，강해가쾌，보온、보수효과차，여로지대조무현저차이。결론：마지막여보통소료지막재토양보수、보온、양분증가급대잠두생장적영향방면균구유현저효과，차상호간몰유명현차이，강해마지막가이체대보통소료지막응용우농업생산。
The effects of two degradable films (bast fibre film and liquid film),common plastic film and open field's cultivation on moisture,temperature and nutrients of soil and growth of faba bean were studied by a field contrast test to provide the theoretical and practice basis for popularization of degradable films.There are no obvious difference in effects on moisture and temperature of soil and growth of faba bean between degradable films and common plastic film,and their soil moisture,temperature of surface soil and undergound soil,the available N,available P,available K and organic matter content and leaf chlorophyll content all are higher than CK significantly.Two degradable films both can increase emergence rate,height,effective branches and pods per plant,and their yield is 21.65% higher than CK.Liquid film has the significant effect on growth of faba bean at early stage but the effect of liquid film on growth of faba bean is no difference with CK during growth process because of rapid degradation of liquid film influenced by environment factors.In conclusion,degradable bast fiber film can be used in agriculture production in replace of common plastic film because degradable bast fiber film and common plastic film both have the same significant effects on soil moisture,temperature and nutrients of soil and growth of faba bean.