CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解农村地区的乙型肝炎防治现状，分析防治策略中的不足，探索相应的应对措施并提供科学依据。方法在张家口农村地区抽取6个自然农村的居民为研究对象，检测静脉血的乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙型肝炎表面抗体（抗‐HBs），按照人群居住地距离城镇的远近程度分为两组，比较不同年龄段居民中 HBsAg 和抗‐HBs 分布的差异，以分析年龄、公共卫生条件对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）防治效果的影响。结果 HBsAg 阳性率平均为5．92％，抗‐HBs 阳性率平均为33．73％，随着年龄的增长，HBsAg 阳性率呈升高趋势，抗‐HBs 阳性率呈下降趋势；距城镇近的15岁以下（不含15岁）人群抗‐HBs 阳性率要高于距城镇远的人群。结论需要对农村地区加大财政、人力等方面的投入和支持力度，改善农村地区以计划免疫为主的公共卫生条件，扩大乙型肝炎疫苗接种人群的范围，加强 HBV 危害及防治知识的宣传，提高新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率和乙型肝炎疫苗24 h 及时接种率，对 HBsAg 阳性的孕妇做好免疫阻断，预防在婴幼儿喂养过程中的 HBV 传播。
목적：료해농촌지구적을형간염방치현상，분석방치책략중적불족，탐색상응적응대조시병제공과학의거。방법재장가구농촌지구추취6개자연농촌적거민위연구대상，검측정맥혈적을형간염표면항원（HBsAg）화을형간염표면항체（항‐HBs），안조인군거주지거리성진적원근정도분위량조，비교불동년령단거민중 HBsAg 화항‐HBs 분포적차이，이분석년령、공공위생조건대을형간염병독（HBV）방치효과적영향。결과 HBsAg 양성솔평균위5．92％，항‐HBs 양성솔평균위33．73％，수착년령적증장，HBsAg 양성솔정승고추세，항‐HBs 양성솔정하강추세；거성진근적15세이하（불함15세）인군항‐HBs 양성솔요고우거성진원적인군。결론수요대농촌지구가대재정、인력등방면적투입화지지력도，개선농촌지구이계화면역위주적공공위생조건，확대을형간염역묘접충인군적범위，가강 HBV 위해급방치지식적선전，제고신생인을형간염역묘접충솔화을형간염역묘24 h 급시접충솔，대 HBsAg 양성적잉부주호면역조단，예방재영유인위양과정중적 HBV 전파。
Objective To understand the status quo of the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B in rural area ,to analyze the shortages in prevention and treatment strategy ,to explore the corresponding prevention countermeasures and to provide the scientif‐ic basis .Methods The inhabitants were randomly sampled from 6 natural villages in the rural area of Zhangjiakou as the research subjects .The venous blood HBsAg and HBsAb were detected .The respondents were divided into 2 groups according to the distance of residence place from cities and towns .The distribution differences of HBsAg and HBsAb were compared among different age groups for analyzing the influence of age and public health conditions on the HBV control effects .Results The HBsAg positive rate averaged 5 .92% and the HbsAb positive rate averaged 33 .73% ,with the age increase ,the HBsAg positive rate showed the increas‐ing trend and the anti‐HBsAb showed the decreasing trend ;the anti‐HBsAb positive rate in the inhabitants aged under 15 years near town was higher than those far from town .Conclusion It is needed to increase the input and support intensity to the rural areas in the aspects of finance and manpower ,improve the public health conditions of the rural area with the planned immunity as the main thing ,enlarge the hepatitis B vaccine inoculation range ,strengthen the publicity of HBV harm ,prevention and treatment knowledge , increase the neonatal hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and the 24 h timely inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine ,accomplish the immune blocking in pregnant women with HBsAg positive ,and preventing the HBV communication during feeding process in in‐fants .