CAJ | 학술논문

共情是一种亲社会心理特征。许多国外司法部门已把共情提高训练列为罪犯矫正项目的内容。提高罪犯的一般共情能力和对被害者的共情能力均有一些相应的干预方法，而怎样界定共情和怎样测量共情可能会影响罪犯共情提高训练的效果评估。罪犯的共情提高训练需要注意犯罪类型的影响以及精神病态人格的阻碍作用。共情提高训练的效果评估需要注意测量方法和治疗内容的匹配以及有效的评估工具等。
공정시일충친사회심리특정。허다국외사법부문이파공정제고훈련렬위죄범교정항목적내용。제고죄범적일반공정능력화대피해자적공정능력균유일사상응적간예방법，이즘양계정공정화즘양측량공정가능회영향죄범공정제고훈련적효과평고。죄범적공정제고훈련수요주의범죄류형적영향이급정신병태인격적조애작용。공정제고훈련적효과평고수요주의측량방법화치료내용적필배이급유효적평고공구등。
As a pro-social characteristic,empathy is generally defined as the ability to understand and share another's emotional state. Previous study found that the empathy was negatively correlated with aggression. There are some intervention programs to improve the ability of general empathy and victim empathy for the offenders. The following methods are used in empathy training:the offender playing the role of victim;the offender writing an describe of the offense from the victim's eye and reading it loudly to his group;making sex offenders to read the written accounts of victims of sexual abuse and then asking the sex offenders to write the effects of reading it;showing video tapes to the offenders that describe the harm of sexual assault to the victims;and arranging meetings between adult survivors of sexual assault and the offender group. Role playing involves playing the role of victim in various methods. The sex offenders need to play the role of victims to change their cognitive distortion. <br> The invention program aimed to promote to improve general empathy. For example,an empathy module in a violent offender treatment program might aim to make the participants to understand the relationship between the perspective taking and their violent offending behavior;Understanding the experience and feelings of others. Interventions might start with a discussion of why empathy is important for them,and then playing the role in a number of different scenarios involving aggressive incidents or interpersonal problems in which participants are improved to consider the actions,feelings and thoughts of others. Then content might be more personally relevant. The last stage is to consider the role of empathy in violence in general situation,before role playing the specific instances that are related with violent offending. <br> The outcome evaluation of empathy training may be influenced by various factors,for example,the definition and measurement of empathy. There are some methods to measure the empathy,for example,the visual reaction of pictures,listening to the story and the behavioral reaction in the experimental condition. Thus,it is hard to measure the empathy deficit only by the single method. <br> Many interventions includes the content of empathy improvement training. The self-regulation,interpersonal skills,the resolution of social problems showed the positive effects in the improvement of empathy,which included the enhancing of the ability of victim empathy to others. There is an obvious tension between the two perspectives of rehabilitation practices and punishment of the empathy training. Ward argued that aspects of victim empathy work involves all five components of punishment. <br> The outcome of empathy training needs more study. The random assignment of participants is the best choice to measure the influence of training on empathy ability. In future,the outcome evaluation problems,the forensic,and the ethics problems should be considered in the empathy training of offenders. Specifically,the definition of empathy should be more operational condition,and the measurement of empathy should be conducted in more levels;the relationship between empathy training and re-offending should be considered. The influence of psychopathy should be considered in the empathy training of offenders. In the empathy improvement of training of offenders,the characteristics of various offenders and especially the influence of psychopathy should be considered. The outcome evaluation should considered the match of methods and content,and the valid measurement methods. In China,the practice of empathy training is in the early stages in the offender correction now.