化工学报
化工學報
화공학보
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INDUSY AND ENGINEERING (CHINA)
2015年
1期
32-51
,共20页
水网络%过程系统集成优化%节水减排%水/能同时优化%生态工业园%虚拟水%水足迹
水網絡%過程繫統集成優化%節水減排%水/能同時優化%生態工業園%虛擬水%水足跡
수망락%과정계통집성우화%절수감배%수/능동시우화%생태공업완%허의수%수족적
water network%process systems integration and optimization%water conservation and wastewater reduction%simultaneously optimization of water and energy%eco-industrial park%virtual water%water footprint
水危机的迫切性已经引起了全世界过程系统工程领域的普遍关注。首先概述了全球和中国水危机的严重情况，介绍了政府和学术界的对策，系统地检索了1994年以来对水网络和虚拟水问题发表的文献著作。分3个层次对国内外的研究做了系统综述：①单个企业内水网络系统集成优化，包括用水网络（ WUN)、废水处理网络（WWTN)、总水网络（TWN)和全水网络（CWN）及冷却循环水系统问题、有中水道水网络和间歇水网络问题3个特殊问题；热量和水耗同时最小化的水配置和换热网络问题（WAHEN)；多种工艺与能、水网络系统同时集成优化研究；②跨企业多个水网络系统集成优化；③跨地区/国家的虚拟水与产品水足迹研究。这些研究对企业的、跨企业的生态工业园区以及区域产业系统的节水减排和提高水、能的利用效率可以发挥重要作用，并对解决缺水地区/国家的政策制定提供依据。
水危機的迫切性已經引起瞭全世界過程繫統工程領域的普遍關註。首先概述瞭全毬和中國水危機的嚴重情況，介紹瞭政府和學術界的對策，繫統地檢索瞭1994年以來對水網絡和虛擬水問題髮錶的文獻著作。分3箇層次對國內外的研究做瞭繫統綜述：①單箇企業內水網絡繫統集成優化，包括用水網絡（ WUN)、廢水處理網絡（WWTN)、總水網絡（TWN)和全水網絡（CWN）及冷卻循環水繫統問題、有中水道水網絡和間歇水網絡問題3箇特殊問題；熱量和水耗同時最小化的水配置和換熱網絡問題（WAHEN)；多種工藝與能、水網絡繫統同時集成優化研究；②跨企業多箇水網絡繫統集成優化；③跨地區/國傢的虛擬水與產品水足跡研究。這些研究對企業的、跨企業的生態工業園區以及區域產業繫統的節水減排和提高水、能的利用效率可以髮揮重要作用，併對解決缺水地區/國傢的政策製定提供依據。
수위궤적박절성이경인기료전세계과정계통공정영역적보편관주。수선개술료전구화중국수위궤적엄중정황，개소료정부화학술계적대책，계통지검색료1994년이래대수망락화허의수문제발표적문헌저작。분3개층차대국내외적연구주료계통종술：①단개기업내수망락계통집성우화，포괄용수망락（ WUN)、폐수처리망락（WWTN)、총수망락（TWN)화전수망락（CWN）급냉각순배수계통문제、유중수도수망락화간헐수망락문제3개특수문제；열량화수모동시최소화적수배치화환열망락문제（WAHEN)；다충공예여능、수망락계통동시집성우화연구；②과기업다개수망락계통집성우화；③과지구/국가적허의수여산품수족적연구。저사연구대기업적、과기업적생태공업완구이급구역산업계통적절수감배화제고수、능적이용효솔가이발휘중요작용，병대해결결수지구/국가적정책제정제공의거。
The urgency of water crisis has attracted more and more research in the field of process systems engineering. Starting from describing the status of water crisis globally and in China, this paper introduces water crisis related policies from government and opinions from academic circles. Documentation retrieval for water network and virtual water studies since 1994 is conducted. The topic is systematically reviewed in three levels according to the scale size.①Water network integration and optimization in a single enterprise, including water using network (WUN), wastewater treatment network (WWTN), total water network (TWN), complete water network (CWN), and three special problems, which are cooling water systems, WUN with internal water mains, water network for batch processes. Water allocation and heat exchange network (WAHEN) problems and simultaneous process synthesis with heat and water integrations are also included.② Inter-plant multiple water network integration, including water networks integration in eco-industrial parks. ③ Virtual water and water footprints studies across prefectures/countries. These studies are very useful in water conservation, wastewater reduction, energy efficiency improvement in enterprises and eco-industrial parks, and also provide the basis for policy arrangements for governments particularly those of water scarce areas.
