作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2015年
1期
160-167
,共8页
陈金%唐玉海%尹燕枰%庞党伟%崔正勇%郑孟静%彭佃亮%杨卫兵%杨东清%李艳霞%王振林%李勇
陳金%唐玉海%尹燕枰%龐黨偉%崔正勇%鄭孟靜%彭佃亮%楊衛兵%楊東清%李豔霞%王振林%李勇
진금%당옥해%윤연평%방당위%최정용%정맹정%팽전량%양위병%양동청%리염하%왕진림%리용
冬小麦%秸秆还田%氮肥%氮效率%硝态氮
鼕小麥%秸稈還田%氮肥%氮效率%硝態氮
동소맥%갈간환전%담비%담효솔%초태담
Winter wheat%Straw returning%Nitrogen fertilizer%Nitrogen efficiency%Nitrate nitrogen
2011—2012和2012—2013年生长季，通过田间定位试验，研究了秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦干物质积累、氮效率、土壤硝态氮积累及产量的影响。与单施氮肥(对照)相比，秸秆还田显著提高冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量，降低开花前干物质积累量及其占全生育期比例；秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm–2处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数分别提高7.5%、6.4%和5.2%。秸秆还田显著降低了不同土层硝态氮积累量，尤其是0~30 cm和30~60 cm土层。秸秆还田配施纯氮225 kg hm–2的产量最高，且显著高于其他处理，增产幅度最大，因此可作为当地秸秆还田模式下适宜推荐的施氮量。
2011—2012和2012—2013年生長季，通過田間定位試驗，研究瞭秸稈還田配施氮肥對鼕小麥榦物質積纍、氮效率、土壤硝態氮積纍及產量的影響。與單施氮肥(對照)相比，秸稈還田顯著提高鼕小麥全生育期榦物質積纍總量，降低開花前榦物質積纍量及其佔全生育期比例；秸稈還田配施純氮225 kg hm–2處理的氮肥偏生產力、氮素利用效率、氮素收穫指數分彆提高7.5%、6.4%和5.2%。秸稈還田顯著降低瞭不同土層硝態氮積纍量，尤其是0~30 cm和30~60 cm土層。秸稈還田配施純氮225 kg hm–2的產量最高，且顯著高于其他處理，增產幅度最大，因此可作為噹地秸稈還田模式下適宜推薦的施氮量。
2011—2012화2012—2013년생장계，통과전간정위시험，연구료갈간환전배시담비대동소맥간물질적루、담효솔、토양초태담적루급산량적영향。여단시담비(대조)상비，갈간환전현저제고동소맥전생육기간물질적루총량，강저개화전간물질적루량급기점전생육기비례；갈간환전배시순담225 kg hm–2처리적담비편생산력、담소이용효솔、담소수획지수분별제고7.5%、6.4%화5.2%。갈간환전현저강저료불동토층초태담적루량，우기시0~30 cm화30~60 cm토층。갈간환전배시순담225 kg hm–2적산량최고，차현저고우기타처리，증산폭도최대，인차가작위당지갈간환전모식하괄의추천적시담량。
A field experiment was conducted in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons to assess the effects of straw return-ing plus nitrogen (N) fertilizer on wheat yield and N use efficiency. Compared to only N fertilizer applied (control), straw return-ing resulted in the increase of dry matter accumulation during the whole growing period and the decrease of the proportion of dry matter accumulation before anthesis to that in whole growing period. The partial factor productivity of applied N, N use efficiency, and N harvest index increased by 7.5%, 6.4%, and 5.2%, respectively, in the straw returning plus pure N 225 kg ha–1 treatment compared with the control. Under straw returning condition, the nitrate N accumulation in soil decreased significantly, especially in 0–30 and 30–60 cm layer. The grain yield of straw returning plus pure N 225 kg ha–1 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments, showing the largest increment over the control. Therefore, it is a suitable technique in local cropping patterns.
