CAJ | 학술논문

对鄱阳湖生态经济区4个典型县市的沼肥基本理化性状、养分物质含量、重金属及其安全状况进行了分析和评价。结果表明，沼液、沼渣pH值呈中性至弱碱性；沼液中有机质和大量营养元素含量均明显低于沼渣，二者有机质、全N、全P和全K的平均含量分别为0．10％、0．58 g／kg、0．11 g／kg、2．56 g／kg 和4．68％、4．62 g／kg、7．28 g／kg、6．16 g／kg，即沼液中大量养分平均含量为全K＞全N＞全P，沼渣为全P＞全K＞全N。沼液与沼渣的N、P、K平均比例为1∶0．18∶4．45和1∶1．58∶1．33，相比于当前N、P、K平均消费比例（1∶0．35～0．4∶0．3），沼液中全P所占比例较低，但全K的比例明显较高，而沼渣中全P与全K的比例均明显高于全N。沼肥中重金属状况分析结果显示，沼液中重金属平均含量为Pb＞Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞As＞Cr，沼渣中重金属平均含量为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cr＞Cd＞As。4个样点沼液中仅新余、新干和万年3地的Cd含量超标1．70～2．16倍，其余5种重金属含量均未超过德国腐熟堆肥标准；而4个样点Pb和Cd含量均严重超过我国农田灌溉水标准。参照我国有机－无机肥料标准，4个样点的沼渣中仅Cd含量超标2．01～6．22倍；参照德国腐熟堆肥标准，4个样点沼渣中仅Cr含量未超标，而Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均超标严重。以上结果证明，鄱阳湖生态经济区沼肥中含有丰富的有机质和大量营养元素，但沼液与沼渣中重金属均存在不同程度的超标现象，尤其是沼渣农用时存在较高的安全隐患。
대파양호생태경제구4개전형현시적소비기본이화성상、양분물질함량、중금속급기안전상황진행료분석화평개。결과표명，소액、소사pH치정중성지약감성；소액중유궤질화대량영양원소함량균명현저우소사，이자유궤질、전N、전P화전K적평균함량분별위0．10％、0．58 g／kg、0．11 g／kg、2．56 g／kg 화4．68％、4．62 g／kg、7．28 g／kg、6．16 g／kg，즉소액중대량양분평균함량위전K＞전N＞전P，소사위전P＞전K＞전N。소액여소사적N、P、K평균비례위1∶0．18∶4．45화1∶1．58∶1．33，상비우당전N、P、K평균소비비례（1∶0．35～0．4∶0．3），소액중전P소점비례교저，단전K적비례명현교고，이소사중전P여전K적비례균명현고우전N。소비중중금속상황분석결과현시，소액중중금속평균함량위Pb＞Zn＞Cd＞Cu＞As＞Cr，소사중중금속평균함량위Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Cr＞Cd＞As。4개양점소액중부신여、신간화만년3지적Cd함량초표1．70～2．16배，기여5충중금속함량균미초과덕국부숙퇴비표준；이4개양점Pb화Cd함량균엄중초과아국농전관개수표준。삼조아국유궤－무궤비료표준，4개양점적소사중부Cd함량초표2．01～6．22배；삼조덕국부숙퇴비표준，4개양점소사중부Cr함량미초표，이Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd함량균초표엄중。이상결과증명，파양호생태경제구소비중함유봉부적유궤질화대량영양원소，단소액여소사중중금속균존재불동정도적초표현상，우기시소사농용시존재교고적안전은환。
In this study,the basic characters,contents of nutrients and heavy metals in biogas tank slurry and dregs collected from four typical counties (city) in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone were analyzed.The results showed that,the pH of the slurry and dregs was either neutral or light-alkalinity.The contents of organic matters and macro-nutrient elements in the slurry were significantly lower than those in the dregs,and the av?erage contents of organic matters and total N,total P and total K in slurry and dregs were 0.10%,0.58 g/kg, 0.11 g/kg,2.56 g/kg and 4.68%,4.62 g/kg,7.28 g/kg,6.16 g/kg respectively.The average contents of nutrients in slurry were found to be in an order K>N>P ,that in dregs were P>K>P . The average ratios of N ∶ P ∶ K in slurry and dregs were 1 ∶ 0.18 ∶ 4.45 and 1 ∶ 1.58 ∶ 1.33,and the proportion of P in slurry was lower in com?parison with the currently average consumptive proportion of N ∶ P ∶ K (1 ∶ 0.35~0.4 ∶ 0.3),but the propor?tion of K in slurry was significantly higher than the average consumptive proportion.Furthermore,the proportion of P and K in dregs was obviously higher than that of N.The average contents of heavy metals in slurry were in a range of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>As>Cr and in dregs Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>As.Only the contents of Cd in slurry col?lected from Xinyu,Xingan and Wannian exceeded the limitations of mature compost in Germany slightly,and the contents of total Pd and total Cd in all slurry samples were consumedly higher than limitations of the irriga?tion water quality standards.In dregs,only the contents of Cd from 4 sampling points were 2.01-6.22 times higher than the limitation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. And Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations were higher than the standard of the limitations of mature compost in Germany,while Cr content was within the limitation.These results demonstrated that there are plenty of organic matters and macro-nutrient elements in the biogas tank slurry and dregs from Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone. But the contents of heavy metals in slurry and dregs exceed limitation at different degrees,especially high security risk existed in agricultural appli?cation of dregs.