CAJ | 학술논문

为开展大花红山茶（ Camellia magniflora Chang）杂交育种及物种保护工作，以大花红山茶的4个变异类型为材料，通过田间观察开花物候期并结合花器特征分析、花粉活力、花粉／胚珠比和杂交指数等指标测定，研究大花红山茶变异类型的开花生物学特性。结果表明：（1）4个类型的开花物候期不一致，类型1开花最早，类型2花期最长为73 d，类型3花期最短为48 d，类型4开花最晚；（2）类型1花冠最大，花瓣浅粉色，雄蕊数量多达182枚。类型2、类型3和类型4花瓣颜色逐渐加深，雄蕊数量相差不大但均较类型1少。4个类型的花柱数量均为3个，花瓣数量均为5～7枚；（3）4个类型的新鲜花粉在10％蔗糖＋1％琼脂的培养基上萌发率均大于46％，活力较高，雄配子可育；（4） P／O值法和OCI值法表明4个类型的繁育系统为异交型，需要传粉者。大花红山茶变异的类型中存在雄蕊瓣化现象。
위개전대화홍산다（ Camellia magniflora Chang）잡교육충급물충보호공작，이대화홍산다적4개변이류형위재료，통과전간관찰개화물후기병결합화기특정분석、화분활력、화분／배주비화잡교지수등지표측정，연구대화홍산다변이류형적개화생물학특성。결과표명：（1）4개류형적개화물후기불일치，류형1개화최조，류형2화기최장위73 d，류형3화기최단위48 d，류형4개화최만；（2）류형1화관최대，화판천분색，웅예수량다체182매。류형2、류형3화류형4화판안색축점가심，웅예수량상차불대단균교류형1소。4개류형적화주수량균위3개，화판수량균위5～7매；（3）4개류형적신선화분재10％자당＋1％경지적배양기상맹발솔균대우46％，활력교고，웅배자가육；（4） P／O치법화OCI치법표명4개류형적번육계통위이교형，수요전분자。대화홍산다변이적류형중존재웅예판화현상。
In order to promote the development of cross breeding and species conservation of Camellia magniflora Chang,by using four variant types of it as materials,a study of blooming phenophase,flower charac?teristics,pollen viability,pollen-ovule ratio and out-crossing index was conducted.The results showed:(1) The blooming phenophase of the four variant types of Camellia magniflora Chang was inconsistent. Type one blossomed the earliest.Type two had the longest flowering period of 73 days.Type three had the shortest flower?ing period of only 48 days.Type four blossomed the latest.(2) The corolla of type one,whose petals were light pink,was the largest and its stamen number was as many as 182.The petal color of type two,type three and type four gradually deepened and their stamen number was similar but less than that of type one. The styles numbers of the four types were all three and their petal numbers were between five to seven.(3) The germination rate of the fresh pollen of the four types could reach more than 46% in the medium of 10% sucrose and 1%agar and the pollen viability was high and the male gametes were fertile.(4) The research of pollen-ovule ratio and out-crossing index in the breeding system of the four types showned that they were xenogamy plants,nee?ding pollinators.Stamen degeneration existed in the variant types of Camellia magniflora Chang.