CAJ | 학술논문

目的明确秸秆还田与施钾肥对玉米产量、养分吸收与利用以及土壤钾素平衡状况的影响，为东北地区玉米秸秆和钾肥资源合理利用提供科学依据。方法试验于20102012年在玉米主产区吉林省公主岭市朝阳坡镇大房身村开展，试验设氮磷肥（NP）、氮磷肥＋秸秆还田（NP＋St）、氮磷钾（NPK）、氮磷钾＋秸秆还田（NPK＋St）4个处理，于每年玉米成熟期每处理小区取有代表性的玉米5株，分为秸秆和子粒两部分，测定地上部干物重，并测定其氮、磷、钾含量，收获时取中间四垄玉米按14％水分计产。试验前和小区玉米收获后采集0—20 cm土层土壤样品，测定土壤速效钾含量，计算钾素利用等相关参数，分析不同处理的春玉米产量、养分吸收及土壤钾素平衡状况。结果施钾肥和秸秆还田能提高玉米产量，与NP处理相比，NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St处理玉米产量分别增加13.8％、9.6％和3.8％。施钾肥和秸秆还田可提高玉米秸秆和子粒氮、磷、钾的吸收总量。与NP 相比， NPK、NP＋St和NPK＋St处理氮的吸收总量提高9.4％24.7％，磷提高12.2％26.0％，钾提高6.9％26.4％，其中NPK＋St处理的养分吸收总量最高。秸秆还田结合施钾肥（ NPK＋St）有利于提高钾收获指数、化肥钾和秸秆钾的利用率，其钾收获指数，化肥钾农学效率、回收率、秸秆钾回收率均高于单施化学钾（ NPK ）和秸秆还田处理（NP＋St）。其中钾收获指数分别提高5.5％和18.8％，化肥钾农学效率和回收率分别提高8.3％和1.1％，秸秆钾农学效率和回收率分别提高4.0％和0.7％。秸秆还田结合施用钾肥（ NPK＋St）土壤速效钾含量比NPK和NP＋St提高1.9％4.0％，其表现为NPK＋St＞NP＋St＞NPK＞NP。 NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St处理钾素实际盈亏率分别为15.0％、－51.1％和－18.1％。结论秸秆还田结合施用钾肥不仅可以提高玉米产量、增加养分吸收总量，还有利于土壤钾素的收支平衡，提高土壤速效钾含量，对维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定具有重要的作用，可在当地农业生产中推广应用。目的明確秸稈還田與施鉀肥對玉米產量、養分吸收與利用以及土壤鉀素平衡狀況的影響，為東北地區玉米秸稈和鉀肥資源閤理利用提供科學依據。方法試驗于20102012年在玉米主產區吉林省公主嶺市朝暘坡鎮大房身村開展，試驗設氮燐肥（NP）、氮燐肥＋秸稈還田（NP＋St）、氮燐鉀（NPK）、氮燐鉀＋秸稈還田（NPK＋St）4箇處理，于每年玉米成熟期每處理小區取有代錶性的玉米5株，分為秸稈和子粒兩部分，測定地上部榦物重，併測定其氮、燐、鉀含量，收穫時取中間四壟玉米按14％水分計產。試驗前和小區玉米收穫後採集0—20 cm土層土壤樣品，測定土壤速效鉀含量，計算鉀素利用等相關參數，分析不同處理的春玉米產量、養分吸收及土壤鉀素平衡狀況。結果施鉀肥和秸稈還田能提高玉米產量，與NP處理相比，NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St處理玉米產量分彆增加13.8％、9.6％和3.8％。施鉀肥和秸稈還田可提高玉米秸稈和子粒氮、燐、鉀的吸收總量。與NP 相比， NPK、NP＋St和NPK＋St處理氮的吸收總量提高9.4％24.7％，燐提高12.2％26.0％，鉀提高6.9％26.4％，其中NPK＋St處理的養分吸收總量最高。秸稈還田結閤施鉀肥（ NPK＋St）有利于提高鉀收穫指數、化肥鉀和秸稈鉀的利用率，其鉀收穫指數，化肥鉀農學效率、迴收率、秸稈鉀迴收率均高于單施化學鉀（ NPK ）和秸稈還田處理（NP＋St）。其中鉀收穫指數分彆提高5.5％和18.8％，化肥鉀農學效率和迴收率分彆提高8.3％和1.1％，秸稈鉀農學效率和迴收率分彆提高4.0％和0.7％。秸稈還田結閤施用鉀肥（ NPK＋St）土壤速效鉀含量比NPK和NP＋St提高1.9％4.0％，其錶現為NPK＋St＞NP＋St＞NPK＞NP。 NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St處理鉀素實際盈虧率分彆為15.0％、－51.1％和－18.1％。結論秸稈還田結閤施用鉀肥不僅可以提高玉米產量、增加養分吸收總量，還有利于土壤鉀素的收支平衡，提高土壤速效鉀含量，對維持土壤鉀素肥力的穩定具有重要的作用，可在噹地農業生產中推廣應用。
목적명학갈간환전여시갑비대옥미산량、양분흡수여이용이급토양갑소평형상황적영향，위동북지구옥미갈간화갑비자원합리이용제공과학의거。방법시험우20102012년재옥미주산구길림성공주령시조양파진대방신촌개전，시험설담린비（NP）、담린비＋갈간환전（NP＋St）、담린갑（NPK）、담린갑＋갈간환전（NPK＋St）4개처리，우매년옥미성숙기매처리소구취유대표성적옥미5주，분위갈간화자립량부분，측정지상부간물중，병측정기담、린、갑함량，수획시취중간사롱옥미안14％수분계산。시험전화소구옥미수획후채집0—20 cm토층토양양품，측정토양속효갑함량，계산갑소이용등상관삼수，분석불동처리적춘옥미산량、양분흡수급토양갑소평형상황。결과시갑비화갈간환전능제고옥미산량，여NP처리상비，NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St처리옥미산량분별증가13.8％、9.6％화3.8％。시갑비화갈간환전가제고옥미갈간화자립담、린、갑적흡수총량。여NP 상비， NPK、NP＋St화NPK＋St처리담적흡수총량제고9.4％24.7％，린제고12.2％26.0％，갑제고6.9％26.4％，기중NPK＋St처리적양분흡수총량최고。갈간환전결합시갑비（ NPK＋St）유리우제고갑수획지수、화비갑화갈간갑적이용솔，기갑수획지수，화비갑농학효솔、회수솔、갈간갑회수솔균고우단시화학갑（ NPK ）화갈간환전처리（NP＋St）。기중갑수획지수분별제고5.5％화18.8％，화비갑농학효솔화회수솔분별제고8.3％화1.1％，갈간갑농학효솔화회수솔분별제고4.0％화0.7％。갈간환전결합시용갑비（ NPK＋St）토양속효갑함량비NPK화NP＋St제고1.9％4.0％，기표현위NPK＋St＞NP＋St＞NPK＞NP。 NPK＋St、NPK、NP＋St처리갑소실제영우솔분별위15.0％、－51.1％화－18.1％。결론갈간환전결합시용갑비불부가이제고옥미산량、증가양분흡수총량，환유리우토양갑소적수지평형，제고토양속효갑함량，대유지토양갑소비력적은정구유중요적작용，가재당지농업생산중추엄응용。
Objectives] A field experiment was conducted for three years ( 2010-2012 ) to research the effect of straw returning and potassium application on the yield, nutrient absorption of spring maize and the soil potassium balance, aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of corn straw and fertilizer in northeast china.[Methods]The experiment was located at the main maize producing zone, Chaoyangpo Town, Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province.The four treatments of NP, NP+St, NPK, NPK+St were set up with the consistent cultivation technique and field management.Five representative maize plants were collected from each plot at maturity stage every year and divided into two parts of straw and grain, dry mater were weighed.Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were determined.The middle four ridges of maize were harvested for calculating yield ( the moisture content of maize used is 14%) .Soil samples of 0-20 cm depth were taken before the experiment and after maize harvest for the soil available potassium determination. The related parameters of potassium utilization characteristics were calculated, and the effect of potassium application and straw returning on spring maize yield, nutrient absorption and soil potassium balance was analyzed.[Results]Compared with no K ( NP) treatment, the treatment of NPK+St, NPK and NP+St increase the yield of maize by 13.8%, 9.6% and 3.8% respectively. Combined application of potassium fertilizer and straw returning could increase maize N, P, K absorption amounts in straw and grain.Compared with NP treatment, NPK, NP+St and NPK+St treatments increase the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by 9.4%-24.7%, 12.2%-26.0%and 6.9%-26.4%, respectively.The treatment of NPK+St leads to the highest total nutrient uptake.Combined application of potassium fertilizer and straw returning could increase potassium harvest index, potassium utilization rare in chemical fertilizer and straw. Compared with NPK and NP+St, NPK+St increase potassium harvest index, potassium agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizer, the recovery rate of chemical potassium and the straw potassium content.The potassium harvest index were increased by 5.5%-18.8%, the agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of chemical potassium were increased by 8.3% and 1.1% respectively, the agronomy efficiency and recovery rate of straw potassium were increased by 4.0%and 0.7%respectively.Straw returning with potassium fertilizer can improve the soil available potassium content, the increase range was 1.9%-4.0%and increase order is NPK+St>NP+St>NPK>NP. The surplus of potassium of NPK+St, NPK and NP+St were 15.0%, -51.1% and -18.1%, respectively.[Conclusions]Maize straw returning combined with potash fertilizer application can not only increase maize yield and the total amount of nutrient uptake, but also sustain potassium balance and improve soil potassium storage, maintaining the stability of the soil potassium fertility.Therefore, the combined use of potassium fertilizer and maize straw returning should be extended widely in the tested agricultural production area.