植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
5期
1311-1317
,共7页
孙雪姣%徐婷婷%叶海冬%都李萍%应杰%章晓凝%李鑫%张崇邦
孫雪姣%徐婷婷%葉海鼕%都李萍%應傑%章曉凝%李鑫%張崇邦
손설교%서정정%협해동%도리평%응걸%장효응%리흠%장숭방
垂直流模拟湿地%细菌%链霉素%酶活性%生化作用
垂直流模擬濕地%細菌%鏈黴素%酶活性%生化作用
수직류모의습지%세균%련매소%매활성%생화작용
vertical flow simulated wetland%bacteria%streptomycin%enzyme activity%biochemical transformation
目的细菌被认为是人工湿地中最重要的微生物成分，因为湿地中的一些生化过程均与细菌群落有关。然而，这一结论都是通过将细菌群落动态与湿地具体生化过程和废水净化效率进行比较得出的，因而是间接的，直接证据尚缺乏。本研究试图通过国际上通用的选择性抑制手段，再结合细菌数量、酶活性和生化过程分析，进一步认识细菌在人工湿地中的重要性。方法本研究依托垂直流模拟人工湿地进行。湿地从上至下，顺序地填充细砂（直径12 mm）、粗砂（直径612 mm）和石块（直径50120 mm）3种填料。植物为香附子（ Cyperu srotundus L．）。废水为来自养猪场的排出液，废水灌溉采用间歇方式进行。废水的滞留时间为7 d，排空时间为0.5 d。共设置6个浓度的硫酸链霉素处理（0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 mg／kg沙子），调查了硫酸链霉素处理浓度与湿地填料中细菌数量、酶活性和生化作用之间的关系。细菌数量用平板计数法测定，纤维素酶、β－葡糖糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性采用常规的酶学方法分析；纤维素降解作用、氨化作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用、有机磷降解作用和无机磷转化作用用室内培养—分光光度法测定。结果随着硫酸链霉素处理浓度的增加，CMC纤维素酶、β－葡糖糖苷酶和蛋白酶活性未发生明显改变（ P＞0.05），而细菌数量、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和酸性磷酸酶活性却显著下降（P＜0.05）。在6种生化作用中，除了纤维素降解作用和无机磷转化作用没有发生显著变化外（ P＞0.05），其余4种生化作用（氨化作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用和有机磷降解作用）均随着硫酸链霉素浓度的增加而显著下降（ P＜0.05）。主成分分析表明，生化作用的总体变化清楚地区分了链霉素的不同浓度（P ＜0.05），而酶活性的总体变化则未能区分。结论本研究突出了细菌在人工湿地氮和有机磷转化方面的重要性，因为细菌的逐渐抑制导致了与氮和磷循环有关的酶以及生化作用的显著降低。另一方面，还发现土壤生化作用的总体变化对链霉素的浓度梯度比酶活性敏感，这一规律是否具有普遍性还需进一步验证。
目的細菌被認為是人工濕地中最重要的微生物成分，因為濕地中的一些生化過程均與細菌群落有關。然而，這一結論都是通過將細菌群落動態與濕地具體生化過程和廢水淨化效率進行比較得齣的，因而是間接的，直接證據尚缺乏。本研究試圖通過國際上通用的選擇性抑製手段，再結閤細菌數量、酶活性和生化過程分析，進一步認識細菌在人工濕地中的重要性。方法本研究依託垂直流模擬人工濕地進行。濕地從上至下，順序地填充細砂（直徑12 mm）、粗砂（直徑612 mm）和石塊（直徑50120 mm）3種填料。植物為香附子（ Cyperu srotundus L．）。廢水為來自養豬場的排齣液，廢水灌溉採用間歇方式進行。廢水的滯留時間為7 d，排空時間為0.5 d。共設置6箇濃度的硫痠鏈黴素處理（0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 mg／kg沙子），調查瞭硫痠鏈黴素處理濃度與濕地填料中細菌數量、酶活性和生化作用之間的關繫。細菌數量用平闆計數法測定，纖維素酶、β－葡糖糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、硝痠還原酶和痠性燐痠酶活性採用常規的酶學方法分析；纖維素降解作用、氨化作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用、有機燐降解作用和無機燐轉化作用用室內培養—分光光度法測定。結果隨著硫痠鏈黴素處理濃度的增加，CMC纖維素酶、β－葡糖糖苷酶和蛋白酶活性未髮生明顯改變（ P＞0.05），而細菌數量、脲酶、硝痠還原酶和痠性燐痠酶活性卻顯著下降（P＜0.05）。在6種生化作用中，除瞭纖維素降解作用和無機燐轉化作用沒有髮生顯著變化外（ P＞0.05），其餘4種生化作用（氨化作用、硝化作用、反硝化作用和有機燐降解作用）均隨著硫痠鏈黴素濃度的增加而顯著下降（ P＜0.05）。主成分分析錶明，生化作用的總體變化清楚地區分瞭鏈黴素的不同濃度（P ＜0.05），而酶活性的總體變化則未能區分。結論本研究突齣瞭細菌在人工濕地氮和有機燐轉化方麵的重要性，因為細菌的逐漸抑製導緻瞭與氮和燐循環有關的酶以及生化作用的顯著降低。另一方麵，還髮現土壤生化作用的總體變化對鏈黴素的濃度梯度比酶活性敏感，這一規律是否具有普遍性還需進一步驗證。
목적세균피인위시인공습지중최중요적미생물성분，인위습지중적일사생화과정균여세균군락유관。연이，저일결론도시통과장세균군락동태여습지구체생화과정화폐수정화효솔진행비교득출적，인이시간접적，직접증거상결핍。본연구시도통과국제상통용적선택성억제수단，재결합세균수량、매활성화생화과정분석，진일보인식세균재인공습지중적중요성。방법본연구의탁수직류모의인공습지진행。습지종상지하，순서지전충세사（직경12 mm）、조사（직경612 mm）화석괴（직경50120 mm）3충전료。식물위향부자（ Cyperu srotundus L．）。폐수위래자양저장적배출액，폐수관개채용간헐방식진행。폐수적체류시간위7 d，배공시간위0.5 d。공설치6개농도적류산련매소처리（0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5화3.0 mg／kg사자），조사료류산련매소처리농도여습지전료중세균수량、매활성화생화작용지간적관계。세균수량용평판계수법측정，섬유소매、β－포당당감매、자당매、단백매、뇨매、초산환원매화산성린산매활성채용상규적매학방법분석；섬유소강해작용、안화작용、초화작용、반초화작용、유궤린강해작용화무궤린전화작용용실내배양—분광광도법측정。결과수착류산련매소처리농도적증가，CMC섬유소매、β－포당당감매화단백매활성미발생명현개변（ P＞0.05），이세균수량、뇨매、초산환원매화산성린산매활성각현저하강（P＜0.05）。재6충생화작용중，제료섬유소강해작용화무궤린전화작용몰유발생현저변화외（ P＞0.05），기여4충생화작용（안화작용、초화작용、반초화작용화유궤린강해작용）균수착류산련매소농도적증가이현저하강（ P＜0.05）。주성분분석표명，생화작용적총체변화청초지구분료련매소적불동농도（P ＜0.05），이매활성적총체변화칙미능구분。결론본연구돌출료세균재인공습지담화유궤린전화방면적중요성，인위세균적축점억제도치료여담화린순배유관적매이급생화작용적현저강저。령일방면，환발현토양생화작용적총체변화대련매소적농도제도비매활성민감，저일규률시부구유보편성환수진일보험증。
Objectives]It is well known that bacteria are the most important microbial component in the constructed wetlands, since some biochemical processes are associated with bacterial communities.However, this conclusion mentioned above is obtained through a comparison of bacterial community dynamics with the specific biochemical processes or removal efficiencies of pollutants in wastewaters, thus being indirect.The direct evidences are not available till now.The current study was intended to reveal the important role of bacteria in the constructed wetlands using a selective inhibition method accepted extensively by researchers around the world, along with some analyses of bacterial number, enzyme activities and biochemical processes.[Methods]The current study was conducted using the vertical flow simulated wetlands in which were filled with three players of materials such as fine sand (diameter =1-2 mm), coarse sand (diameter 6-12 mm) and gravel (diameter 50-120 mm).Nutgrass ( Cyperu srotundus L.) was planted in the constructed wetlands.Wastewater was the effluent from a pig breeding farm, and filled into wetlands using a pulse-irrigation program, the water retention time was 7 d and the draining empty time was 0.5 d.Six treatment gradients of sulfate streptomycin were applied into the simulated wetlands (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/kg sand) to investigate relationships between the sulfate streptomycin treatment doses and bacterial number, enzyme activities and biochemical transformations.Bacterial number was determined using a plate counting approach, enayme activities ( CMC-cellulase,β-glucosidase, invertase, protease, urease, nitrate reductase and acid phosphatase ) were analysed using the common zymological methods and biochemical processes ( cellulose decomposition, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, organic phosphorus decomposition and inorganic phosphorus transformation) were tested through a room incubation-spectrophotometric method.[Results]The current data indicate that the CMC-cellulase,β-glucosidase and protease activities are not changed under the streptomycin doses (P>0.05), while the bacterial number and the urease, nitrate reductase and acid phosphatase activities are significantly decreased ( P<0.05) .Among the six transformations, except that the cellulose decomposition and inorganic phosphorus transformation are not changed under the streptomycin doses (P>0.05), the remained four transformations such as ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and organic phosphorus decomposition are significantly decreased ( P<0.05) .The principal components analyses show that the total changes in the biochemical transformations clearly distinguish streptomycin treatment doses ( P<0.05 ) , but the total changes in enzyme activities do not.[Conclusions]Our study highlights the importance of bacteria in the nitrogen and phosphorus transformations, since the gradual inhibition of bacteria results in significant decreases in the enzyme activities associated with nitrogen and phosphorus transformation or in a few biochemical processes.On the other hand, it is found that the aggregated change in biochemical processes under the sulfate streptomycin treatment gradients is more distinguished than that in enzyme activities.It needs to be tested further whether this finding is a real case.
