CAJ | 학술논문

目的雷竹（ Phyllostachys praecox f．preveynalis）是一种在我国亚热带地区被广泛引种栽培的优良笋用竹。为了提高竹笋产量，农民不合理地大量施用化肥，已造成土壤盐化、酸化，地力破坏，导致土壤磷钾大量残留，特别是氮磷的大量流失已造成了周边水体严重污染。虽然土壤DOC和DON在土壤全碳、全氮含量中所占的比例很小，但却是土壤有机质中最重要和最活跃的部分。因此本研究的目的旨在通过全年动态监测雷竹林渗漏水中溶解性有机碳（ DOC）和溶解性有机氮（ DON）浓度的变化，探明减量施用化肥和有机肥对减少雷竹林氮渗漏淋失负荷的作用，以便为解决雷竹生产上的面源污染问题提供理论依据。方法试验设置了5个处理为对照（ CK）、常规施肥（ CF）、减量有机肥（ DO）、减量无机肥（ DI）和减量有机无机肥（ DOI），3次重复，随机区组设计，小区面积为100 m2。试验于5月18日、9月7日、11月9日分别施用肥料总量的40％、30％和30％，施肥后均进行浅翻，深度5 cm左右。结果不同施肥雷竹林中DOC及DON平均浓度为33.745.5 mg／L和6.612.6 mg／L，DOC和DON的渗漏流失负荷为84.5138.2 kg／hm2和17.246.3 kg／hm2。 DOC渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为常规施肥（138.2 kg／hm2）＞减量有机肥（133.7 kg／hm2）＞减量无机肥（120.9 kg／hm2）＞不施肥（99.8 kg／hm2）＞减量有机无机肥（84.5 kg／hm2），而DON渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为减量有机肥（46.3 kg／hm2）＞常规施肥（35.3 kg／hm2）＞减量有机无机肥（34.8 kg／hm2）＞减量无机肥（31.1 kg／hm2）＞不施肥（17.2 kg／hm2）。渗漏水中DOC（mg／L）与DON （ mg／L）之间不存在显著相关性。结论大幅减少化肥和有机肥用量，并推广有机肥和无机肥配施，不仅维持了雷竹竹笋的较高产量，还能减少土壤养分损失，具有经济和环境双重效益，是雷竹合理施肥的发展方向。目的雷竹（ Phyllostachys praecox f．preveynalis）是一種在我國亞熱帶地區被廣汎引種栽培的優良筍用竹。為瞭提高竹筍產量，農民不閤理地大量施用化肥，已造成土壤鹽化、痠化，地力破壞，導緻土壤燐鉀大量殘留，特彆是氮燐的大量流失已造成瞭週邊水體嚴重汙染。雖然土壤DOC和DON在土壤全碳、全氮含量中所佔的比例很小，但卻是土壤有機質中最重要和最活躍的部分。因此本研究的目的旨在通過全年動態鑑測雷竹林滲漏水中溶解性有機碳（ DOC）和溶解性有機氮（ DON）濃度的變化，探明減量施用化肥和有機肥對減少雷竹林氮滲漏淋失負荷的作用，以便為解決雷竹生產上的麵源汙染問題提供理論依據。方法試驗設置瞭5箇處理為對照（ CK）、常規施肥（ CF）、減量有機肥（ DO）、減量無機肥（ DI）和減量有機無機肥（ DOI），3次重複，隨機區組設計，小區麵積為100 m2。試驗于5月18日、9月7日、11月9日分彆施用肥料總量的40％、30％和30％，施肥後均進行淺翻，深度5 cm左右。結果不同施肥雷竹林中DOC及DON平均濃度為33.745.5 mg／L和6.612.6 mg／L，DOC和DON的滲漏流失負荷為84.5138.2 kg／hm2和17.246.3 kg／hm2。 DOC滲漏流失負荷大小順序為常規施肥（138.2 kg／hm2）＞減量有機肥（133.7 kg／hm2）＞減量無機肥（120.9 kg／hm2）＞不施肥（99.8 kg／hm2）＞減量有機無機肥（84.5 kg／hm2），而DON滲漏流失負荷大小順序為減量有機肥（46.3 kg／hm2）＞常規施肥（35.3 kg／hm2）＞減量有機無機肥（34.8 kg／hm2）＞減量無機肥（31.1 kg／hm2）＞不施肥（17.2 kg／hm2）。滲漏水中DOC（mg／L）與DON （ mg／L）之間不存在顯著相關性。結論大幅減少化肥和有機肥用量，併推廣有機肥和無機肥配施，不僅維持瞭雷竹竹筍的較高產量，還能減少土壤養分損失，具有經濟和環境雙重效益，是雷竹閤理施肥的髮展方嚮。
목적뢰죽（ Phyllostachys praecox f．preveynalis）시일충재아국아열대지구피엄범인충재배적우량순용죽。위료제고죽순산량，농민불합리지대량시용화비，이조성토양염화、산화，지력파배，도치토양린갑대량잔류，특별시담린적대량류실이조성료주변수체엄중오염。수연토양DOC화DON재토양전탄、전담함량중소점적비례흔소，단각시토양유궤질중최중요화최활약적부분。인차본연구적목적지재통과전년동태감측뢰죽림삼루수중용해성유궤탄（ DOC）화용해성유궤담（ DON）농도적변화，탐명감량시용화비화유궤비대감소뢰죽림담삼루림실부하적작용，이편위해결뢰죽생산상적면원오염문제제공이론의거。방법시험설치료5개처리위대조（ CK）、상규시비（ CF）、감량유궤비（ DO）、감량무궤비（ DI）화감량유궤무궤비（ DOI），3차중복，수궤구조설계，소구면적위100 m2。시험우5월18일、9월7일、11월9일분별시용비료총량적40％、30％화30％，시비후균진행천번，심도5 cm좌우。결과불동시비뢰죽림중DOC급DON평균농도위33.745.5 mg／L화6.612.6 mg／L，DOC화DON적삼루류실부하위84.5138.2 kg／hm2화17.246.3 kg／hm2。 DOC삼루류실부하대소순서위상규시비（138.2 kg／hm2）＞감량유궤비（133.7 kg／hm2）＞감량무궤비（120.9 kg／hm2）＞불시비（99.8 kg／hm2）＞감량유궤무궤비（84.5 kg／hm2），이DON삼루류실부하대소순서위감량유궤비（46.3 kg／hm2）＞상규시비（35.3 kg／hm2）＞감량유궤무궤비（34.8 kg／hm2）＞감량무궤비（31.1 kg／hm2）＞불시비（17.2 kg／hm2）。삼루수중DOC（mg／L）여DON （ mg／L）지간불존재현저상관성。결론대폭감소화비화유궤비용량，병추엄유궤비화무궤비배시，불부유지료뢰죽죽순적교고산량，환능감소토양양분손실，구유경제화배경쌍중효익，시뢰죽합리시비적발전방향。
Objectives]Lei bamboo ( Phyllostachys praecox f.preveynalis) is an excellent variety for producing bamboo shoots and is widely distributed in the subtropical area of China.In order to improve yields of bamboo shoots, intensive management practices including over-application of chemical fertilizers have been adopted by the farmers.Although the farmers obtain great economic benefits, these practices bring out a serious new problems, such as bamboo grove degradation or even death, water system pollution, decline in soil quality and so on. Although the percentage of dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and organic nitrogen( DON) in soil was very low, they were sensitive for the change of soil environment.Change in DOC and DON concentrations in the seepage water from the soil under phyllostachy praecox stand in the whole year was monitored to ascertain the effects of reducing chemical and organic fertilizer rates on the concentrations of DOC and DON.[Methods]Five treatments were designed:conventional fertilizer ( CF ) , decreased organic fertilizer ( DO ) , decreased inorganic fertilizer ( DI ) , decreased organic and inorganic fertilizer(DOI),no fertilizer (CK).Fertilizers were separately applied in May 18, September 7 and November 9 with respective 40%,30% and 30% of total amount of fertilizer, and then plowed into soil at the depth of 5 cm.[Results]The results showed that the average concentrations of DOC and DON in the seepage water for the different fertilization treatments were 33.7-45.5 mg/L and 6.6 -12.6 mg/L, respectively, whereas the average seepage loss loads of DOC and DON for the different fertilization treatments were 84.5-138.2 kg/ha and 17.2-46.3 kg/ha, respectively.The seepage loss loads of DOC from the soil with different fertilization treatments decreased as follows: CF ( 138.2 kg/ha ) >DO ( 133.7 kg/ha ) >DI ( 120.9 kg/ha ) >CK ( 99.8 kg/ha)>DOI ( 84.5 kg/ha ) , whereas the seepage loss loads of DON from the soil with different fertilization treatments decreased as follows:DO (46.3 kg/ha)>CF (35.3 kg/ha)>DOI (34.8 kg/ha)>DI (31.1 kg/ha)>CK (17.2 kg/ha) .No significant relationship was found between DOC and DON concentrations in the seepage water.[Conclusion] Decreasing inorganic fertilizer or decreasing organic fertilizer, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, not only could keep the yield, but also play a remarkable role in reducing the loss loads of nutrient under Phyllostachy praecox stands suggesting that reducing inorganic fertilizer rate and applying organic fertilizer were the right direction for Phyllostachy praecox.