CAJ | 학술논문

目的低产黄泥田在南方稻区广泛分布，其障碍因素是土壤熟化度低，施用有机肥料是改良黄泥田的重要措施。本文通过田间试验研究化肥和不同有机肥对低产黄泥田的培肥效果以及土壤碳、土壤氮、土壤磷转化的相关酶活性的变化规律，为低产黄泥田培肥改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。方法试验地位于湖北省京山县，种植模式为双季稻，田间试验中设6个处理，分别为（1）不施肥（CK），（2）单施化肥（NPK），（3）化肥＋绿肥（NPKG），（4）化肥＋猪粪（NPKM），（5）化肥＋秸秆（NPKS），（6）化肥＋秸秆＋腐熟菌剂（NPKSD），化肥用量相同，配施有机肥处理施用的有机碳量相当。水稻收获后取耕层土壤样品，测定不同处理土壤养分和土壤酶活性指标，了解土壤养分和土壤酶活性的变化特征；采用典型相关分析方法，分析土壤养分和土壤酶两组变量之间的相关关系，研究不同有机肥对低产黄泥田的培肥效果。结果有机肥能够提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，明显提高早稻和晚稻的产量。有机肥对土壤酶活性有很大影响，配施有机肥不同程度地提高了α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纤维二糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶活性；过氧化物酶和脲酶没有明显差异；磷酸酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶活性有所降低。土壤酶活性是评价施肥对土壤肥力影响的重要生物指标，土壤养分和土壤酶活性典型相关分析结果显示，二者显著相关，可以用于评估黄泥田土壤肥力变化的酶主要有β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶、α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纤维二糖苷酶。典型变量排序结果表明，有机肥的培肥效果秸秆＞猪粪＞绿肥。结论低产黄泥田增施有机肥可以显著提高水稻产量和土壤速效养分含量，施用不同有机肥9种土壤酶活性响应不同，其中β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶、α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纤维二糖苷酶活性可以用于表征低产黄泥田的肥力变化，不同有机肥的培肥效果为秸秆＞猪粪＞绿肥。目的低產黃泥田在南方稻區廣汎分佈，其障礙因素是土壤熟化度低，施用有機肥料是改良黃泥田的重要措施。本文通過田間試驗研究化肥和不同有機肥對低產黃泥田的培肥效果以及土壤碳、土壤氮、土壤燐轉化的相關酶活性的變化規律，為低產黃泥田培肥改良提供理論依據和技術支撐。方法試驗地位于湖北省京山縣，種植模式為雙季稻，田間試驗中設6箇處理，分彆為（1）不施肥（CK），（2）單施化肥（NPK），（3）化肥＋綠肥（NPKG），（4）化肥＋豬糞（NPKM），（5）化肥＋秸稈（NPKS），（6）化肥＋秸稈＋腐熟菌劑（NPKSD），化肥用量相同，配施有機肥處理施用的有機碳量相噹。水稻收穫後取耕層土壤樣品，測定不同處理土壤養分和土壤酶活性指標，瞭解土壤養分和土壤酶活性的變化特徵；採用典型相關分析方法，分析土壤養分和土壤酶兩組變量之間的相關關繫，研究不同有機肥對低產黃泥田的培肥效果。結果有機肥能夠提高土壤堿解氮、速效燐、速效鉀含量，明顯提高早稻和晚稻的產量。有機肥對土壤酶活性有很大影響，配施有機肥不同程度地提高瞭α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纖維二糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶活性；過氧化物酶和脲酶沒有明顯差異；燐痠酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶活性有所降低。土壤酶活性是評價施肥對土壤肥力影響的重要生物指標，土壤養分和土壤酶活性典型相關分析結果顯示，二者顯著相關，可以用于評估黃泥田土壤肥力變化的酶主要有β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶、α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纖維二糖苷酶。典型變量排序結果錶明，有機肥的培肥效果秸稈＞豬糞＞綠肥。結論低產黃泥田增施有機肥可以顯著提高水稻產量和土壤速效養分含量，施用不同有機肥9種土壤酶活性響應不同，其中β－葡萄糖苷酶、β－木糖苷酶、α－葡萄糖苷酶、β－纖維二糖苷酶活性可以用于錶徵低產黃泥田的肥力變化，不同有機肥的培肥效果為秸稈＞豬糞＞綠肥。
목적저산황니전재남방도구엄범분포，기장애인소시토양숙화도저，시용유궤비료시개량황니전적중요조시。본문통과전간시험연구화비화불동유궤비대저산황니전적배비효과이급토양탄、토양담、토양린전화적상관매활성적변화규률，위저산황니전배비개량제공이론의거화기술지탱。방법시험지위우호북성경산현，충식모식위쌍계도，전간시험중설6개처리，분별위（1）불시비（CK），（2）단시화비（NPK），（3）화비＋록비（NPKG），（4）화비＋저분（NPKM），（5）화비＋갈간（NPKS），（6）화비＋갈간＋부숙균제（NPKSD），화비용량상동，배시유궤비처리시용적유궤탄량상당。수도수획후취경층토양양품，측정불동처리토양양분화토양매활성지표，료해토양양분화토양매활성적변화특정；채용전형상관분석방법，분석토양양분화토양매량조변량지간적상관관계，연구불동유궤비대저산황니전적배비효과。결과유궤비능구제고토양감해담、속효린、속효갑함량，명현제고조도화만도적산량。유궤비대토양매활성유흔대영향，배시유궤비불동정도지제고료α－포도당감매、β－포도당감매、β－섬유이당감매、β－목당감매활성；과양화물매화뇨매몰유명현차이；린산매、을선안기포도당감매、분양화매활성유소강저。토양매활성시평개시비대토양비력영향적중요생물지표，토양양분화토양매활성전형상관분석결과현시，이자현저상관，가이용우평고황니전토양비력변화적매주요유β－포도당감매、β－목당감매、α－포도당감매、β－섬유이당감매。전형변량배서결과표명，유궤비적배비효과갈간＞저분＞록비。결론저산황니전증시유궤비가이현저제고수도산량화토양속효양분함량，시용불동유궤비9충토양매활성향응불동，기중β－포도당감매、β－목당감매、α－포도당감매、β－섬유이당감매활성가이용우표정저산황니전적비력변화，불동유궤비적배비효과위갈간＞저분＞록비。
Objectives]Low-yield yellow clayey soil, with the restrictive factor of poor soil maturation degree, was widely distributed in southern China.The application of organic fertilizers was an important measure for improving yellow clayey soil.Soil enzyme activity was an important indicator to characterize soil fertility.A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of chemical fertilizers and different organic fertilizers on soil fertility and soil enzyme activities of soil carbon , soil nitrogen , soil phosphorus transformation in yellow clay soil with low crop yields, which provided the theoretical and technique foundation for soil fertility improvement of yellow clay soil.[Methods] The experimental field was located in Jingshan County, Hubei Province with rice-rice rotation system. Six treatments were carried out in a field experiment: (1) No fertilizer (CK), (2) Chemical fertilizer (NPK), (3) NPK plus green manure(NPKG), (4) NPK plus pig manure(NPKM), (5) NPK plus straw(NPKS), (6) NPK plus straw and straw-decomposing inoculant ( NPKSD ) .The same amount of chemical fertilizer was applied among fertilizer treatments.Every organic fertilizer treatment contained the same amount of organic carbon.After the rice harvest, soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity of topsoil in different treatments were measured to understand their variation characteristics.Adopted canonical correlation analysis, the correlation between the two sets of variables, soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities, was analyzed to investigate effect of fertility under different organic fertilizers application in low-yield yellow clayey soil.[Results]The results of the field experiment showed that the application of organic fertilizers could improve the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and available K and the yields of early rice and late rice significantly.There is a great influence on soil enzyme activities by applying organic manure combination with chemical fertilizer.The activities of soil α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase are increased in different degrees, while the activities of soil phosphatase, phenol oxidase and N-acetyl-glucosamidase are declined, and the activities of soil urease and peroxidase are not significant different.Soil enzyme activities are important biological indicators to evaluate effects of the fertilization on soil fertility.The results of the canonical correlation analysis reveal that there is a significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients, and soil α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase activities are main enzymes to evaluate the change of soil fertility in yellow clay paddy soil.The canonical variables ordering result shows that the effect of organic fertilization on improving soil fertility is straw>pig manure>green manure.[Conclusions]Rice yield and soil available nutrients content were significantly improved after the application of organic manure, but different responses were observed among nine kinds soil enzyme activities in response to organic fertilizers.Low-yield yellow clayey soil fertility changes could be characterized byα-glucosidase,β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-xylosidase activities.The effect of organic fertilization on improving soil fertility was straw>pig manure>green manure.