植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
5期
1051-1062
,共12页
冯洋%陈海飞%胡孝明%周卫%徐芳森%蔡红梅
馮洋%陳海飛%鬍孝明%週衛%徐芳森%蔡紅梅
풍양%진해비%호효명%주위%서방삼%채홍매
水稻%产量%氮效率%品种筛选
水稻%產量%氮效率%品種篩選
수도%산량%담효솔%품충사선
rice%yield%nitrogen efficiency%cultivar screening
目的评价我国南方地区主推水稻品种氮效率，筛选氮高效和氮低效品种，并探索其高效和低效的原因及其生理机制。方法选用34份我国南方主推水稻品种，采用大田小区试验和盆栽试验，进行正常氮和低氮处理，利用产量法并结合产量构成因子、叶片 SPAD 值以及水稻地上部氮素累积量，筛选出氮高效和氮低效品种。结果1）在2011年大田试验中，34个品种正常氮处理产量大多高于低氮处理的产量。通过对氮效率的分析发现，徽两优6号、广两优35和天优华占3个品种具有较高的氮效率，分别达到1.11、1.02和1.00，而秀水134、富稻2号和五丰优7025的氮效率较低，分别为0.55、0.61和0.61。通过对各品种的产量构成因子分析发现，正常氮处理下，各品种产量构成因子大多高于低氮处理。在低氮条件下，氮高效品种的穗数和穗粒数以及千粒重均较高。通过筛选发现徽两优6号、广两优35和天优华占3个水稻品种表现为氮高效；秀水134、富稻2号和五丰优70253个品种表现为氮低效。2）通过2012年大田和盆栽试验的复筛，发现大田与盆栽试验结果基本一致。实际产量和理论产量均表现出徽两优6号和广两优35的产量和氮效率较高，秀水134、五丰优7025和富稻2号的氮效率较低。通过对各品种的产量构成因子分析发现，2012年大田试验中，在正常氮条件下，高效品种广两优35的穗数、千粒重均显著高于低效品种。在对SPAD值的分析中发现，2012年大田试验中，低氮处理下氮高效品种在同一生育时期其SPAD值普遍高于或者显著高于低效品种。2012年盆栽试验中，正常氮处理下，高效品种叶片SPAD值略高于低效品种。在对水稻地上部氮累积量的研究中发现，在正常氮处理下，不同生育期高效品种与低效品种间普遍没有显著性差异，仅低效品种秀水134显著低于其它几个品种；而在低氮处理下，在分蘖期高效品种与低效品种并无显著性差异，甚至高效品种徽两优6号氮素累积量还要低于低效品种；但在灌浆期和成熟期，两个高效品种的氮素累积量高于或显著高于低效品种。结论确定广两优35为高效品种，秀水134为低效品种。氮高效品种在低氮胁迫下，能够获得较高的穗数和穗粒数，从而获得较高产量。特别在生育后期，高效品种地上部能够积累更多的氮素，从而可促进光合作用，提高碳、氮同化效率，并获得较高产量。
目的評價我國南方地區主推水稻品種氮效率，篩選氮高效和氮低效品種，併探索其高效和低效的原因及其生理機製。方法選用34份我國南方主推水稻品種，採用大田小區試驗和盆栽試驗，進行正常氮和低氮處理，利用產量法併結閤產量構成因子、葉片 SPAD 值以及水稻地上部氮素纍積量，篩選齣氮高效和氮低效品種。結果1）在2011年大田試驗中，34箇品種正常氮處理產量大多高于低氮處理的產量。通過對氮效率的分析髮現，徽兩優6號、廣兩優35和天優華佔3箇品種具有較高的氮效率，分彆達到1.11、1.02和1.00，而秀水134、富稻2號和五豐優7025的氮效率較低，分彆為0.55、0.61和0.61。通過對各品種的產量構成因子分析髮現，正常氮處理下，各品種產量構成因子大多高于低氮處理。在低氮條件下，氮高效品種的穗數和穗粒數以及韆粒重均較高。通過篩選髮現徽兩優6號、廣兩優35和天優華佔3箇水稻品種錶現為氮高效；秀水134、富稻2號和五豐優70253箇品種錶現為氮低效。2）通過2012年大田和盆栽試驗的複篩，髮現大田與盆栽試驗結果基本一緻。實際產量和理論產量均錶現齣徽兩優6號和廣兩優35的產量和氮效率較高，秀水134、五豐優7025和富稻2號的氮效率較低。通過對各品種的產量構成因子分析髮現，2012年大田試驗中，在正常氮條件下，高效品種廣兩優35的穗數、韆粒重均顯著高于低效品種。在對SPAD值的分析中髮現，2012年大田試驗中，低氮處理下氮高效品種在同一生育時期其SPAD值普遍高于或者顯著高于低效品種。2012年盆栽試驗中，正常氮處理下，高效品種葉片SPAD值略高于低效品種。在對水稻地上部氮纍積量的研究中髮現，在正常氮處理下，不同生育期高效品種與低效品種間普遍沒有顯著性差異，僅低效品種秀水134顯著低于其它幾箇品種；而在低氮處理下，在分蘗期高效品種與低效品種併無顯著性差異，甚至高效品種徽兩優6號氮素纍積量還要低于低效品種；但在灌漿期和成熟期，兩箇高效品種的氮素纍積量高于或顯著高于低效品種。結論確定廣兩優35為高效品種，秀水134為低效品種。氮高效品種在低氮脅迫下，能夠穫得較高的穗數和穗粒數，從而穫得較高產量。特彆在生育後期，高效品種地上部能夠積纍更多的氮素，從而可促進光閤作用，提高碳、氮同化效率，併穫得較高產量。
목적평개아국남방지구주추수도품충담효솔，사선담고효화담저효품충，병탐색기고효화저효적원인급기생리궤제。방법선용34빈아국남방주추수도품충，채용대전소구시험화분재시험，진행정상담화저담처리，이용산량법병결합산량구성인자、협편 SPAD 치이급수도지상부담소루적량，사선출담고효화담저효품충。결과1）재2011년대전시험중，34개품충정상담처리산량대다고우저담처리적산량。통과대담효솔적분석발현，휘량우6호、엄량우35화천우화점3개품충구유교고적담효솔，분별체도1.11、1.02화1.00，이수수134、부도2호화오봉우7025적담효솔교저，분별위0.55、0.61화0.61。통과대각품충적산량구성인자분석발현，정상담처리하，각품충산량구성인자대다고우저담처리。재저담조건하，담고효품충적수수화수립수이급천립중균교고。통과사선발현휘량우6호、엄량우35화천우화점3개수도품충표현위담고효；수수134、부도2호화오봉우70253개품충표현위담저효。2）통과2012년대전화분재시험적복사，발현대전여분재시험결과기본일치。실제산량화이론산량균표현출휘량우6호화엄량우35적산량화담효솔교고，수수134、오봉우7025화부도2호적담효솔교저。통과대각품충적산량구성인자분석발현，2012년대전시험중，재정상담조건하，고효품충엄량우35적수수、천립중균현저고우저효품충。재대SPAD치적분석중발현，2012년대전시험중，저담처리하담고효품충재동일생육시기기SPAD치보편고우혹자현저고우저효품충。2012년분재시험중，정상담처리하，고효품충협편SPAD치략고우저효품충。재대수도지상부담루적량적연구중발현，재정상담처리하，불동생육기고효품충여저효품충간보편몰유현저성차이，부저효품충수수134현저저우기타궤개품충；이재저담처리하，재분얼기고효품충여저효품충병무현저성차이，심지고효품충휘량우6호담소루적량환요저우저효품충；단재관장기화성숙기，량개고효품충적담소루적량고우혹현저고우저효품충。결론학정엄량우35위고효품충，수수134위저효품충。담고효품충재저담협박하，능구획득교고적수수화수립수，종이획득교고산량。특별재생육후기，고효품충지상부능구적루경다적담소，종이가촉진광합작용，제고탄、담동화효솔，병획득교고산량。
Objectives]The objective of this study is to screen and evaluate the nitrogen efficiency of rice cultivars widely grown in South China, and investigate the different phsiology mechanisms between the high and low nitrogen efficient cultivars.[Methods]Thirty four rice cultivars were tested in field trials and pot experiments under both normal and low nitrogen supplies.The high and low nitrogen efficient cultivars were identified by analyzing parameters related to yield and its components, the leaf SPAD value and the aboveground nitrogen accumulation rate of rice.[Results] 1) Field trials results in 2011 showed that the yields under normal nitrogen treatment were higher than those under low nitrogen treatment for most of the 34 cultivars.Huiliangyou 6, Guangliangyou 35 and Tianyouhuazhan had higher nitrogen efficiencies with 1.11, 1.02 and 1.00, respectively; Xiushui 134, Fudao 2 and Wufengyou 7025 had lower nitrogen efficiencies with 0.55, 0.61 and 0.61, respectively.Similarly, the yield components under the normal nitrogen treatment were higher than those under the low nitrogen treatment for most of the 34 cultivars.The cultivars with higher nitrogen efficiencies have higher panicle number, spikelet number per panicle, as well as thousand grain weight under low nitrogen condition.As a consequence, Huiliangyou 6, Guangliangyou 35 and Tianyouhuazhan were screened as the high nitrogen efficient rice cultivars, and Xiushui 134, Fudao 2 and Wufengyou 7025 as the low nitrogen efficient ones.2 ) Field and pot experiments in 2012 showed similar results.Both the actual and theoretical yields and nitrogen efficiencies of Huiliangyou 6 and Guangliangyou 35 are in the high ranking of the tested 34 cultivars, while Xiushui 134, Wufengyou 7025 and Fudao 2 in low ranking.In field trial, both the panicle number and thousand grain weight of high nitrogen efficient cultivar, Guangliangyou 35, were significantly higher than those of low nitrogen efficient ones under normal nitrogen treatment.Under low nitrogen condition, the high N efficient cultivars performed higher or significantly higher SPAD values than the low nitrogen efficient ones.Under normal nitrogen supply in the pot experiment, the SPAD values of the high nitrogen efficient cultivars were slightly higher than the low ones.Under the normal nitrogen condition , there were no significant differences in aboveground N accumulation between the high and low N efficient cultivars at each growth stage, except for Xiushui 134.Under the low N condition, no significant differences at tillering stage, except high N efficient cultivar Huiliangyou 6, in which the N accumulation even lower than N low efficient cultivars.At the heading stage and mature stage, the N accumulation in two high N efficient cultivars were significantly higher than those in low ones.[Conclusion]Guangliangyou 35 is identified as the highest nitrogen efficient cultivar and Xiushui 134 as the lowest nitrogen efficient cultivar.The high nitrogen efficient cultivar has higher panicle number and spikelet number per panicle under low nitrogen supply condition, which led to the higher yields than the low nitrogen efficient cultivar.Compared with that in the low nitrogen efficient cultivars, the more nitrogen was accumulated in the high nitrogen efficient cultivars at the late growth stage, which enhanced photosynthesis, the carbon and nitrogen assimilation, and then improved yields.
