CAJ | 학술논문

疫苗是预防病毒性传染病的最有效手段，包括减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗、核酸疫苗和基因工程疫苗等。减毒活疫苗模拟了病毒的感染过程，能有效诱导机体产生体液和细胞免疫应答，在临床上得到广泛应用。传统的减毒活疫苗一般通过连续传代获得，研发成本高。微小RNA（ microRNA，miRNA）靶向调节是新近发现的宿主调控基因表达的重要手段，具有明确的组织特异性和种属特异性。通过反向遗传学技术能够将特异的宿主miRNA靶向序列有效整合入病毒基因组，从而实现对病毒生物学特征的有效调节，在减毒活疫苗设计与研发领域有着良好的应用前景。该文综述了miRNA靶向介导的减毒策略及其在疫苗设计中的研究进展。
역묘시예방병독성전염병적최유효수단，포괄감독활역묘、멸활역묘、핵산역묘화기인공정역묘등。감독활역묘모의료병독적감염과정，능유효유도궤체산생체액화세포면역응답，재림상상득도엄범응용。전통적감독활역묘일반통과련속전대획득，연발성본고。미소RNA（ microRNA，miRNA）파향조절시신근발현적숙주조공기인표체적중요수단，구유명학적조직특이성화충속특이성。통과반향유전학기술능구장특이적숙주miRNA파향서렬유효정합입병독기인조，종이실현대병독생물학특정적유효조절，재감독활역묘설계여연발영역유착량호적응용전경。해문종술료miRNA파향개도적감독책략급기재역묘설계중적연구진전。
Vaccine immunization represents the most effective strategy against viral infections .Antiviral vaccine candi-dates currently include live attenuated vaccine , inactivated vaccine , DNA vaccine and genetic engineering vaccine .Live at-tenuated vaccines , eliciting efficient humoral and cellular immune response by simulating natural virus infection , are clini-cally widely used.Traditionally, live attenuated vaccine strains are obtained by serial passaging in vitro or in vivo, a costly procedure accumulating random mutations .microRNA( miRNA)-targeting host gene regulation exhibits high species and tis-sue specificity .Introducing certain miRNA target sequence into viral genome by reverse genetic technique can effectively attenuate virus strains, which has great potential in vaccine design and development .In this article,attenuation strategies and progress in its application in vaccine research are disscussed .