农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
24期
209-215
,共7页
农村地区%生活污水%污染控制%稳定塘%凹凸棒土
農村地區%生活汙水%汙染控製%穩定塘%凹凸棒土
농촌지구%생활오수%오염공제%은정당%요철봉토
rural areas%sewage%pollution control%stabilization pond%attapulgite
针对严寒地区农村生活污水处理面临的低效率、高能耗、排水不达标的典型问题，首次提出凹凸棒土—稳定塘模式处理严寒地区农村生活污水。该研究创新的通过PLC（programmable logic controller）自控试验设计，考察在低温10℃条件下工艺的最优运行参数，经过平行对比试验研究凹凸棒土作为载体填料对低温生活污水处理效果的影响。结果表明，pH值在7.2～7.8之间，兼性塘水力停留时间为4d，好氧塘的水力停留时间与曝气时间分别为36、4 h时，工艺对化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氨氮（ammonia nitrogen，ammonia-N）、总磷（total phosphorus，TP）的平均去除率分别为91.5%、87.7%、84.1%，平均出水质量浓度分别为35.6、4.5、1.0 mg/L，满足国家二级排放标准，而单一式稳定塘工艺的低温生活污水处理效果显著降低，COD、氨氮、TP的去平均去除率分别降低了3.6%、6.0%、4.7%。凹凸棒土—稳定塘工艺可以有效的去除严寒地区农村生活污水中有机物及氮磷污染物，对削减农村水污染、降低水环境负荷及改善农村生态环境具有重要作用，同时也为凹凸棒土的应用拓展了新的方向。
針對嚴寒地區農村生活汙水處理麵臨的低效率、高能耗、排水不達標的典型問題，首次提齣凹凸棒土—穩定塘模式處理嚴寒地區農村生活汙水。該研究創新的通過PLC（programmable logic controller）自控試驗設計，攷察在低溫10℃條件下工藝的最優運行參數，經過平行對比試驗研究凹凸棒土作為載體填料對低溫生活汙水處理效果的影響。結果錶明，pH值在7.2～7.8之間，兼性塘水力停留時間為4d，好氧塘的水力停留時間與曝氣時間分彆為36、4 h時，工藝對化學需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氨氮（ammonia nitrogen，ammonia-N）、總燐（total phosphorus，TP）的平均去除率分彆為91.5%、87.7%、84.1%，平均齣水質量濃度分彆為35.6、4.5、1.0 mg/L，滿足國傢二級排放標準，而單一式穩定塘工藝的低溫生活汙水處理效果顯著降低，COD、氨氮、TP的去平均去除率分彆降低瞭3.6%、6.0%、4.7%。凹凸棒土—穩定塘工藝可以有效的去除嚴寒地區農村生活汙水中有機物及氮燐汙染物，對削減農村水汙染、降低水環境負荷及改善農村生態環境具有重要作用，同時也為凹凸棒土的應用拓展瞭新的方嚮。
침대엄한지구농촌생활오수처리면림적저효솔、고능모、배수불체표적전형문제，수차제출요철봉토—은정당모식처리엄한지구농촌생활오수。해연구창신적통과PLC（programmable logic controller）자공시험설계，고찰재저온10℃조건하공예적최우운행삼수，경과평행대비시험연구요철봉토작위재체전료대저온생활오수처리효과적영향。결과표명，pH치재7.2～7.8지간，겸성당수력정류시간위4d，호양당적수력정류시간여폭기시간분별위36、4 h시，공예대화학수양량（chemical oxygen demand，COD）、안담（ammonia nitrogen，ammonia-N）、총린（total phosphorus，TP）적평균거제솔분별위91.5%、87.7%、84.1%，평균출수질량농도분별위35.6、4.5、1.0 mg/L，만족국가이급배방표준，이단일식은정당공예적저온생활오수처리효과현저강저，COD、안담、TP적거평균거제솔분별강저료3.6%、6.0%、4.7%。요철봉토—은정당공예가이유효적거제엄한지구농촌생활오수중유궤물급담린오염물，대삭감농촌수오염、강저수배경부하급개선농촌생태배경구유중요작용，동시야위요철봉토적응용탁전료신적방향。
In this study, an attapulgite-stabilization pond model was first proposed to deal with the practical problems of domestic sewage treatment such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and drainage substandard in cold rural regions. A stabilization pond was assembled by a facultative pond reactor and aerobic reactor. Both reactors are cylinders, and the effective volume was 150 L. Before running the experiment, the facultative pond reactor was inoculated with anaerobic activated sludge and the aerobic pond reactor was inoculated with aerobic activated sludge to achieve a fast start of the experimental device. During running the experiment, the experimental procedure was that first the low temperature sewage was sent to the high tank from the storage tank by submersible pump, and then it flowed to a collection tank through a waterfall device, At the same time, this process achieved an increase in dissolved oxygen in the sewage. Then the low temperature sewage entered the facultative pond reactor for processing and then flowed into the aerobic pond reactor for processing. A stirring device was set up in the facultative pond reactor, so that activated sludge in the facultative pond bottom could fully contact with sewage, and by means of an aeration device aerated the aerobic reactor pond, so that the resulting mixture could get sufficiently dissolved oxygen. These operations could improve the purifying function and purifying effect of the process in a low temperature environment. Attapulgite was manually added to both reactors. Finally, the low temperature sewage flowed into a clear water tank. PLC was creatively applied to the experiment design, editing the operation of the reactor on a host computer, and the edited program was entered to the programmable logic controllers, then the test could be automatically, precisely and stably run controlled by the programmable logic controllers. The test researched the optimal operation parameters and the influenced of attapulgite fillers on the sewage treatment effect at a low temperature of 10℃. The test results showed that HRT, aeration time and pH had varying degrees on low temperature sewage by an attapulgite-stabilization pond, and from the two considerations of efficiency optimization and economic optimization, we selected control parameters in a low temperature as follow:pH was between 7.2 to 7.8, facultative pond's HRT was 4 d, aerobic pond's HRT and aeration time were 36 and 4 h, the average removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and TP were 91.5%, 87.7%and 84.1%, the average effluent concentration were 35.6, 4.5, 1.0 mg/L, and the treated sewage could meet the national emission standards. The results showed that running the combined system under optimal parameters could achieve that the attapulgite-stabilization pond effectively removed sewage at low temperatures. Through the parallel comparison test it was shown that when there was not attapulgite in a stabilization pond, the average removal rates of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and TP were 87.9%, 81.7%and 79.4%, they were reduced by 3.6%, 6.0%, and 4.7%, so it would effectively weaken the sewage treatment effect by single stabilization pong under a low temperature. The attapulgite-stabilization pond model can effectively remove organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in cold rural sewage. It plays an important role in cutting rural water pollution, reducing the water environment load, and improving the rural ecological environment. At the same time, it is also developing a new direction for the application of attapulgite.
