农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
24期
87-94
,共8页
冯棣%张俊鹏%孙池涛%曹彩云%党红凯%孙景生
馮棣%張俊鵬%孫池濤%曹綵雲%黨紅凱%孫景生
풍체%장준붕%손지도%조채운%당홍개%손경생
棉花%土壤%脱盐%土壤盐度%控制指标%纤维品质%价格模型%净收益
棉花%土壤%脫鹽%土壤鹽度%控製指標%纖維品質%價格模型%淨收益
면화%토양%탈염%토양염도%공제지표%섬유품질%개격모형%정수익
cotton%soils%salt removal%soil salinity%control index%fibre quality%price model%net earning
为了探索由咸水灌溉引发的次生盐渍化棉田适宜的土壤盐度控制指标，试验于2012年在5个不同次生盐渍化水平的小区开展，0～60 cm深土层的初始土壤电导率（土水质量比为1∶5）分别为0.29、0.32、0.55、0.79、0.99 dS/m，分别以处理1～5表示。研究分析了盐分对棉花“三桃”比例、产量和纤维品质的影响，并建立了棉花价格模型，最后通过拟合分段式作物耐盐函数得出土壤盐度控制指标。结果显示，在平水年时降雨基本满足棉花需水要求，而且土壤中很大一部分盐分被降雨淋洗出0～60 cm深土层，并被控制在100 cm以下的土层中，与试验初始相比，处理1～5的最大脱盐率分别为9.6%、19.8%、36.4%、42.4%和45.7%，最终脱盐率分别为9.4%、1.8%、21.0%、24.5%和31.7%。当0～60 cm深土层初始土壤电导率低于0.79 dS/m时，没有显著降低成铃数和籽棉产量，仅会改变“三桃”比例，随土壤盐度进一步增高，成铃数和籽棉产量显著降低。棉花衣分率和纤维品质指标受到采摘时间和土壤盐度的共同影响，仅马克隆值在3次调查中都随着土壤盐度增加呈增大的趋势。由棉花净收益决定的土壤盐度指标低于由籽棉产量决定的土壤盐度指标，证明考虑纤维品质指标的必要性。在与处理1的净收益相比不降低的情况下，棉花播种初始和生育期平均土壤电导率应该分别控制在0.71和0.67 dS/m以下。该研究为改善次生盐渍化棉田土壤盐度控制指标的确定方法提供了理论参考。
為瞭探索由鹹水灌溉引髮的次生鹽漬化棉田適宜的土壤鹽度控製指標，試驗于2012年在5箇不同次生鹽漬化水平的小區開展，0～60 cm深土層的初始土壤電導率（土水質量比為1∶5）分彆為0.29、0.32、0.55、0.79、0.99 dS/m，分彆以處理1～5錶示。研究分析瞭鹽分對棉花“三桃”比例、產量和纖維品質的影響，併建立瞭棉花價格模型，最後通過擬閤分段式作物耐鹽函數得齣土壤鹽度控製指標。結果顯示，在平水年時降雨基本滿足棉花需水要求，而且土壤中很大一部分鹽分被降雨淋洗齣0～60 cm深土層，併被控製在100 cm以下的土層中，與試驗初始相比，處理1～5的最大脫鹽率分彆為9.6%、19.8%、36.4%、42.4%和45.7%，最終脫鹽率分彆為9.4%、1.8%、21.0%、24.5%和31.7%。噹0～60 cm深土層初始土壤電導率低于0.79 dS/m時，沒有顯著降低成鈴數和籽棉產量，僅會改變“三桃”比例，隨土壤鹽度進一步增高，成鈴數和籽棉產量顯著降低。棉花衣分率和纖維品質指標受到採摘時間和土壤鹽度的共同影響，僅馬剋隆值在3次調查中都隨著土壤鹽度增加呈增大的趨勢。由棉花淨收益決定的土壤鹽度指標低于由籽棉產量決定的土壤鹽度指標，證明攷慮纖維品質指標的必要性。在與處理1的淨收益相比不降低的情況下，棉花播種初始和生育期平均土壤電導率應該分彆控製在0.71和0.67 dS/m以下。該研究為改善次生鹽漬化棉田土壤鹽度控製指標的確定方法提供瞭理論參攷。
위료탐색유함수관개인발적차생염지화면전괄의적토양염도공제지표，시험우2012년재5개불동차생염지화수평적소구개전，0～60 cm심토층적초시토양전도솔（토수질량비위1∶5）분별위0.29、0.32、0.55、0.79、0.99 dS/m，분별이처리1～5표시。연구분석료염분대면화“삼도”비례、산량화섬유품질적영향，병건립료면화개격모형，최후통과의합분단식작물내염함수득출토양염도공제지표。결과현시，재평수년시강우기본만족면화수수요구，이차토양중흔대일부분염분피강우림세출0～60 cm심토층，병피공제재100 cm이하적토층중，여시험초시상비，처리1～5적최대탈염솔분별위9.6%、19.8%、36.4%、42.4%화45.7%，최종탈염솔분별위9.4%、1.8%、21.0%、24.5%화31.7%。당0～60 cm심토층초시토양전도솔저우0.79 dS/m시，몰유현저강저성령수화자면산량，부회개변“삼도”비례，수토양염도진일보증고，성령수화자면산량현저강저。면화의분솔화섬유품질지표수도채적시간화토양염도적공동영향，부마극륭치재3차조사중도수착토양염도증가정증대적추세。유면화정수익결정적토양염도지표저우유자면산량결정적토양염도지표，증명고필섬유품질지표적필요성。재여처리1적정수익상비불강저적정황하，면화파충초시화생육기평균토양전도솔응해분별공제재0.71화0.67 dS/m이하。해연구위개선차생염지화면전토양염도공제지표적학정방법제공료이론삼고。
Drought and water shortage have stimulated saline and slight saline water use for farmland irrigation in Hebei Plain. The mismanagement of irrigation with saline water has led to the expansion of secondary salinization farmland recent years. Therefore, it is urgent to explore suitable control index of soil salinity in order to avoid the reduction of crop production. This study was conducted in cotton field with five secondary salinization levels, which were caused by seven years continues irrigation with different salinity of saline water. The initial soil electrical conductivity (mass ratio of soil to water was 1:5) of the 0-60 cm soil layer depth was 0.29, 0.32, 0.55, 0.79, 0.99 dS/m, and denoted by treatment 1 to treatment 5 respectively. In this study, the response of cotton boll forming, yield and fibre quality to five soil salinity levels were analyzed, and price model for cotton was set up, at last, soil salinity control index were obtained by fitting piecewise function for crop salt-tolerance. Results revealed seasonal rainfall (450 mm) basically met the requirements of cotton water consumption under median water year (about 500 mm precipitation). Moreover, large part of the salt in soil was leached out of the 0-60 cm depth soil layer, and was controlled bellow 100 cm. When compared with the initial soil salinity for 0-60 cm depth soil layer, for treatment 1 to treatment 5, ratio of the maximum desalinization was 9.6%, 19.8%, 36.4%, 42.4%, and 45.7%respectively, and the ratio of the final desalinization was 9.4%, 1.8%, 21.0%, 24.5%, and 31.7%respectively. No significant decline in number of cotton bolls and seed cotton yield was found when the initial soil salinity for 0-60 cm depth soil layer was lower than 0.79 dS/m, while the ratio of cotton boll forming changed. With the further increment of soil salinity, the number of cotton bolls and seed cotton yield of treatment 5 were significantly lower than that of treatment 1 by 28.9% and 6.5% respectively. Lint percentage and fibre quality were affected by picking time and soil salinity. With the increment of soil salinity, increasing trend occurred in micronaire for all three batches of lint and in fibre strength for the first two batches, but the upper half mean fibre length significantly decreased for the second batch. Price model for cotton was set up, in which, cotton price of each batch was decided according to price list for different lint fiber quality published by China Cotton Association. It was observed that the control index of soil salinity decided by net earnings were lower than that decided by seed cotton yield, which proved the necessity of the consideration of fiber quality index. The initial soil salinity and mean soil salinity during the cotton season for 0-60 cm depth soil layer should be lower than 0.71 dS/m and 0.67 dS/m respectively, when the net earnings was consistent with the treatment 1. The study provides an important theoretical reference for improving the method of deciding control index of soil salinity for cotton field subject to secondary salinization.
