CAJ | 학술논문

该文旨在确定渗灌渗水涂层成分的配比方案，制备出渗水性能良好的渗灌滴头。通过对所选用的蒙脱土MMT及聚丙烯酰胺PAM材料的结构和性能进行了分析和比较，设计制备工艺，制备渗灌滴头，在实验室内搭建了渗灌材料的实际渗水的试验平台；采用拉伸强度试验对渗灌导水涂层材料与纤维结合性能进行研究，用电子显微镜对不同配比的渗灌导水材料的形貌进行了观察并对其微观结构和组成进行了分析，在不同环境条件下对渗灌材料的渗水自调节性进行分析。结果表明：PAM/MMT悬浮液的配比为0.20 g/50 mL（1∶250）时导水材料的成膜性较，涂层成膜性较好，分布较均匀。对于以1∶250聚丙烯酰胺和蒙脱石制备的的渗水材料，温度一定时，随着环境土壤含水率的逐渐增加，渗水速率逐渐降低，土壤含水率一定时，随着环境温度的增加，渗水速率逐渐下降。该研究为渗灌材料制备提供参考。
해문지재학정삼관삼수도층성분적배비방안，제비출삼수성능량호적삼관적두。통과대소선용적몽탈토MMT급취병희선알PAM재료적결구화성능진행료분석화비교，설계제비공예，제비삼관적두，재실험실내탑건료삼관재료적실제삼수적시험평태；채용랍신강도시험대삼관도수도층재료여섬유결합성능진행연구，용전자현미경대불동배비적삼관도수재료적형모진행료관찰병대기미관결구화조성진행료분석，재불동배경조건하대삼관재료적삼수자조절성진행분석。결과표명：PAM/MMT현부액적배비위0.20 g/50 mL（1∶250）시도수재료적성막성교，도층성막성교호，분포교균균。대우이1∶250취병희선알화몽탈석제비적적삼수재료，온도일정시，수착배경토양함수솔적축점증가，삼수속솔축점강저，토양함수솔일정시，수착배경온도적증가，삼수속솔축점하강。해연구위삼관재료제비제공삼고。
Infiltrating irrigation is a kind of effective water-saving irrigation technology because it has many technical advantages including extensive application in agriculture, especially for tree irrigation in arid and semiarid regions. This study aimed to design a kind of infiltrating irrigation material that could realize self-adjusting and non-pressure water-supply under different environmental conditions as well as ensure normal plant growth with better property of saving water and energy. Through theoretical analysis and based on experience, montmorillonite (MMT) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were used to form infiltrating irrigation water-conductivity material. Different mass ratios of MMT and PAM were designed including proportions of PAM and MMT suspension of 1:1000 (0.05 g/50 mL), 1:500 (0.1 g/50 mL), 1:333 (0.15 g/50 mL), 1:250 (0.2 g/50 mL), 1:200 (0.25 g/50 mL), and 1:167 (0.3 g/50 mL). The fiber was used as the supporting material that was pre-treated. The fiber was immersed into the composite colloidal solution for 10-15 min, followed by infiltration and drying at 15-20 min in a DHG - 9023A electron-thermal constant temperature blowing dry box (85℃). Then, the coated fiber with function of water-conductivity was to make infiltrating irrigation droppers in an injection molding machine. Meanwhile, water-transmitting fibers (the fiber bundle, about 15 cm in length, about 5 mm in radius) coated with composite of different components were used for tensile test to determine he bonding properties of infiltrating irrigation water-conducting coating materials on fiber. Coating morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the micro-structure and composition were analyzed. The water permeability property of the droppers was tested under soil moisture content of 3%, 6%, 12%, and 18%at 20℃and 20, 35, 50, 65℃with soil moisture 3%. Results showed that coating materials with different PAM and MMT ratios all had breaking strength larger than 250 MPa, meeting the requirements for strength between coating material and fiber (200 MPa). Microscope analysis showed that among different PAM and MMT ratios, the ratio of 1:250 could lead to best film-forming property such as uniform granule distribution. At 30 min, the maximum water penetration rates of sample with different PAM and MMT ratios from 1:1000 to 1:167 were 2.7, 2.5, 3.4, 2, 1.8, and 1.6 mm/min. For the film made of the PAM and MMT ratio of 1:250, the water penetration rates decreased gradually with soil moisture (3%, 6%, 12%, 18%) at 20℃, while it increased with temperature for soil with moisture of 3%. Therefore, the PAM and MMT ratio 1:250 could be used to develop materials for infiltration irrigation.