CAJ | 학술논문

为了解决传统切割刀片滑切角变动幅度大、受力不均、波动较大等问题，该文应用对数螺线方程，设计了藤茎类秸秆专用的等滑切角锯齿型刀片。通过对成熟期番茄藤和茄子藤在不同水分下的切割试验，结果表明：在刀轴转速为4000 r/min、切割速度约为85 m/s的条件下，与普通刀片和等滑切角平型刀片相比，等滑切角锯齿型刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.18和0.25 kW·h，消耗的切割电能少、切割效率高、切割效果好；40°等滑切角锯齿型刀片与45°的相比，40°等滑切角锯齿型刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.38和0.49 kW·h，消耗的切割电能少、切割效率高、切割效果好；材料为Cr12MoV的等滑切角锯齿型刀片与65Mn的相比，Cr12MoV的刀片切割番茄藤和茄子藤的电能分别为0.17和0.24 kW·h，切割效果较好。该文设计的刀片在切割过程中受力较均匀，具有降低切割功耗、提高切割效率的作用，对于改进秸秆切割机械的工作性能和减小切割过程的能量消耗具有重要意义。
위료해결전통절할도편활절각변동폭도대、수력불균、파동교대등문제，해문응용대수라선방정，설계료등경류갈간전용적등활절각거치형도편。통과대성숙기번가등화가자등재불동수분하적절할시험，결과표명：재도축전속위4000 r/min、절할속도약위85 m/s적조건하，여보통도편화등활절각평형도편상비，등활절각거치형도편절할번가등화가자등적전능분별위0.18화0.25 kW·h，소모적절할전능소、절할효솔고、절할효과호；40°등활절각거치형도편여45°적상비，40°등활절각거치형도편절할번가등화가자등적전능분별위0.38화0.49 kW·h，소모적절할전능소、절할효솔고、절할효과호；재료위Cr12MoV적등활절각거치형도편여65Mn적상비，Cr12MoV적도편절할번가등화가자등적전능분별위0.17화0.24 kW·h，절할효과교호。해문설계적도편재절할과정중수력교균균，구유강저절할공모、제고절할효솔적작용，대우개진갈간절할궤계적공작성능화감소절할과정적능량소모구유중요의의。
Straw cutting and crushing is the first link of various comprehensive utilizations of straw, but cane straw belongs to the anisotropy compound material, and the type and parameters of cutting blades have a great effect on the cutting performance of blades. In order to solve the great change of the sliding-cutting angle, uneven stress, large fluctuation, and other problems of the traditional cutting blade, this paper used the principle that the direction of motion of point and pole diameter always maintain the same angle on the curve of logarithmic spiral equation, established a logarithmic spiral equation of blade line, designed a special equal sliding-cutting angle saw tooth blade for cane straw, used 3FC-500 small-type straw cutting crusher to finish cutting tests on mature tomato and eggplant vines in different moisture contents, recorded the digital electric energy meter reading at opening and closing moments to calculate the cutting power, and recorded the opening and closing times as the cutting time, to investigate the cutting efficiency by cutting time. In a single feeding quantity of 2 kg, we finished the single factor experiments on blade type, blade material, and blade sliding-cutting angle, and verified the adaptability of the designed cutting blade to cane straw by the test and analysis of cutting power and cutting efficiency. The results showed that: in the same cutting condition, compared with the ordinary blade and equal sliding-cutting angle flat blade, the cutting power of the special blade is minimum, cutting efficiency is the highest, cutting effect is the best and has obvious advantages. The cutting power and time are only about half that of ordinary blade and about two-thirds that of equal sliding-cutting angle flat blade. Compared with the 45°, the cutting power and cutting times of 40°equal sliding-cutting angle saw tooth type blade are all lower, only about one-third the times of 45°. Compared with the material 65Mn, the cutting effect of material Cr12MoV equal sliding-cutting angle saw tooth type blade is better. The moisture content has a larger effect on cutting power and time;with the drop in straw moisture content, blade cutting power and cutting time are reduced so that the cutting efficiency is improved. The cutting power of straw in moisture content at approximately 75%is about 6 times that of the straw in moisture content of 20%, cutting time for 2 times, in the process of cutting, the straw moisture content should not be too high, otherwise it can easily lead to clogging. In addition, though the tomato and eggplant vines belong to cane straw, they have similar fibrous structures, though the proportion of epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle, and pith in straw microstructure are different, and the average tensile strength and elastic modulus of eggplant vines are higher than those of tomato vines, so when cutting, the cutting power is relatively higher, the cutting time is longer, and the cutting efficiency is lower than that of tomato vine. The force is uniform of the design of equal sliding-cutting angle saw tooth type blade in the process of cutting. It reduces the cutting power, improves the cutting efficiency, has good cutting effect, and has important significance for improving the working performance of straw cutting machines and reducing the energy consumption in the cutting process.