海洋学报（中文版）
海洋學報（中文版）
해양학보（중문판）
ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA
2015年
1期
80-87
,共8页
规范变换%海水水质评价%富营养化评价%普适指数公式
規範變換%海水水質評價%富營養化評價%普適指數公式
규범변환%해수수질평개%부영양화평개%보괄지수공식
normalized transformation%seawater quality evaluation%eutrophic evaluation%index formula
为了建立形式简洁、计算简便和普适通用的海水水质的普适指数公式，基于海水水质标准（GB 3097－1997），只要适当设置海水水质各指标“参照值”和指标值的规范变换式，并对各指标的标准值进行规范变换，使所有27项指标的各级标准值的规范值都处于陆地3类水体72项指标的同级标准值的规范值范围内，从而适用于陆地水体72项指标规范值的6个水质普适指数公式也适用于27项指标规范值的海水水质评价。以厦门近海海域和长江口近海海域的海水水质评价作实例，对指数公式的实用性进行了效果检验，并与其他方法的评价结果进行了比较。结果表明：不仅6个指数公式使陆地水体水质评价和海水水质评价得到普适、统一、规范和简化，而且规范变换的思想和方法对水资源及水安全系统的研究亦有借鉴作用。
為瞭建立形式簡潔、計算簡便和普適通用的海水水質的普適指數公式，基于海水水質標準（GB 3097－1997），隻要適噹設置海水水質各指標“參照值”和指標值的規範變換式，併對各指標的標準值進行規範變換，使所有27項指標的各級標準值的規範值都處于陸地3類水體72項指標的同級標準值的規範值範圍內，從而適用于陸地水體72項指標規範值的6箇水質普適指數公式也適用于27項指標規範值的海水水質評價。以廈門近海海域和長江口近海海域的海水水質評價作實例，對指數公式的實用性進行瞭效果檢驗，併與其他方法的評價結果進行瞭比較。結果錶明：不僅6箇指數公式使陸地水體水質評價和海水水質評價得到普適、統一、規範和簡化，而且規範變換的思想和方法對水資源及水安全繫統的研究亦有藉鑒作用。
위료건립형식간길、계산간편화보괄통용적해수수질적보괄지수공식，기우해수수질표준（GB 3097－1997），지요괄당설치해수수질각지표“삼조치”화지표치적규범변환식，병대각지표적표준치진행규범변환，사소유27항지표적각급표준치적규범치도처우륙지3류수체72항지표적동급표준치적규범치범위내，종이괄용우륙지수체72항지표규범치적6개수질보괄지수공식야괄용우27항지표규범치적해수수질평개。이하문근해해역화장강구근해해역적해수수질평개작실례，대지수공식적실용성진행료효과검험，병여기타방법적평개결과진행료비교。결과표명：불부6개지수공식사륙지수체수질평개화해수수질평개득도보괄、통일、규범화간화，이차규범변환적사상화방법대수자원급수안전계통적연구역유차감작용。
This study aims to set up several index formulae for assessing the seawater quality ,which enjoy the prior-ity of being simple in form,easy in calculation and universal in applications.On the bases of the seawater quality standards(GB 3097-1997),the proposed formulae,which make the varied rage of the normalized index values of 27 indexes in each grade standards of seawater to be conformity with those of the normalized index values of 72 in-dexes in same grade standards of 3 classified water body ,have been established,if only it can be properly set a ref-erence value and normalized transformation form as well as make a normalized transformation in the grade standard value for each index of seawater .Therefore,the 6 optimized universal index formulae,which are suitable to the en-vironmental quality evaluation of 72 normalized index values of 3 classified water body,can also be suitable to the e-valuation of 27 normalized index values of seawater quality.Furthermore,in order to test the practical effectiveness of the 6 index formulae,it could be applied to the practical quality evaluations of seawater for 2 cases of the coastal waters in Xiamen City and in Yangtze River Estuary.The evaluation results of 6 universal index formulae proved to be basically in full conformity with those obtained from the commonly used evaluation methods.The results showed that not only the 6 universal index formulae to make the evaluations between land water body and seawater body universal,unified,normalized and simplified,but also the ideas and methods of normalized transformation can be reference for the studies of water resources and water security.
