幼鱼和养成阶段斜带石斑鱼对饲料中脂肪的需要量
유어화양성계단사대석반어대사료중지방적수요량
Dietary Lipid Requirements of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in Juvenile and Grow Out Stages
  • 万方数据
    动物营养学报 동물영양학보
    ACTA ZOONUTRIMENTA SINICA
    2015年 1期 133-146 ,共14页

    董晓慧%杨俊江%谭北平%杨奇慧%迟淑艳%刘泓宇

    동효혜%양준강%담북평%양기혜%지숙염%류홍우

    斜带石斑鱼%脂肪%生长性能%生化指标%消化酶 斜帶石斑魚%脂肪%生長性能%生化指標%消化酶
    사대석반어%지방%생장성능%생화지표%소화매
    orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides)%lipid%growth performance%biochemical indices%digestive enzyme
    本试验旨在探讨2个生长阶段(幼鱼和养成阶段)斜带石斑鱼对饲料中脂肪的需要量。以鱼油调整饲料脂肪水平，配制5种脂肪水平(7.07%、9.92%、12.92%、15.95%和19.04%)的等氮饲料，分别投喂体重为9.1 g(幼鱼阶段)的斜带石斑鱼8周和体重为102.6 g(养成阶段)的斜带石斑鱼10周。同一生长阶段，每种饲料设3个重复，每个重复幼鱼阶段放养25尾鱼，养成阶段放养20尾鱼。结果表明：1)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的增重率( WGR)、特定生长率( SGR)、蛋白质效率( PER)、肥满度( CF)和脏体比( VSI)均随着饲料脂肪水平的升高呈先上升后下降趋势，饲料系数( FCR)则呈相反的变化趋势，上述指标均在饲料脂肪水平为12.92%时获得极值。2)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的全鱼粗蛋白质含量逐渐下降，全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪含量逐渐上升，全鱼和肌肉水分含量无显著变化(P>0.05)，全鱼和肌肉其他常规营养成分含量无规律性变化。3)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的血浆总蛋白( TP)和低密度脂蛋白( LDLC)含量呈逐渐下降趋势，血浆高密度脂蛋白( HDLC)含量呈逐渐升高趋势。幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的血浆甘油三酯( TG)和总胆固醇( CHOL)含量与饲料脂肪水平呈线性或曲线关系。4)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的肝脏肝脂酶( HL)、脂蛋白脂酶( LPL)、苹果酸脱氢酶( MDH)活性均逐渐下降，而肝脏乳酸脱氢酶( LDH)活性则逐渐上升。5)随着饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼阶段肝脏酸性磷酸酶( ACP)活性无显著变化( P>0.05)，养成阶段肝脏ACP活性逐渐下降，幼鱼和养成阶段肝脏超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)活性先升高后降低。幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼肝脏碱性磷酸酶( AKP)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性与饲料脂肪水平呈正相关关系。6)随饲料脂肪水平的升高，幼鱼和养成阶段石斑鱼的胃肠道胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性逐渐下降，胃肠道脂肪酶活性逐渐上升。综上，在本试验条件下，饲料中适宜水平的脂肪可以改善幼鱼和养成阶段斜带石斑鱼的生长性能，且对体成分、生化指标和消化代谢酶活性有一定影响；以SGR、FCR和PER为评价指标，幼鱼和养成阶段的斜带石斑鱼对饲料中脂肪的需要量均在11%~13%内。
    본시험지재탐토2개생장계단(유어화양성계단)사대석반어대사료중지방적수요량。이어유조정사료지방수평，배제5충지방수평(7.07%、9.92%、12.92%、15.95%화19.04%)적등담사료，분별투위체중위9.1 g(유어계단)적사대석반어8주화체중위102.6 g(양성계단)적사대석반어10주。동일생장계단，매충사료설3개중복，매개중복유어계단방양25미어，양성계단방양20미어。결과표명：1)수착사료지방수평적승고，유어화양성계단석반어적증중솔( WGR)、특정생장솔( SGR)、단백질효솔( PER)、비만도( CF)화장체비( VSI)균수착사료지방수평적승고정선상승후하강추세，사료계수( FCR)칙정상반적변화추세，상술지표균재사료지방수평위12.92%시획득겁치。2)수착사료지방수평적승고，유어화양성계단석반어적전어조단백질함량축점하강，전어화기육조지방함량축점상승，전어화기육수분함량무현저변화(P>0.05)，전어화기육기타상규영양성분함량무규률성변화。3)수착사료지방수평적승고，유어화양성계단석반어적혈장총단백( TP)화저밀도지단백( LDLC)함량정축점하강추세，혈장고밀도지단백( HDLC)함량정축점승고추세。유어화양성계단석반어적혈장감유삼지( TG)화총담고순( CHOL)함량여사료지방수평정선성혹곡선관계。4)수착사료지방수평적승고，유어화양성계단석반어적간장간지매( HL)、지단백지매( LPL)、평과산탈경매( MDH)활성균축점하강，이간장유산탈경매( LDH)활성칙축점상승。5)수착사료지방수평적승고，유어계단간장산성린산매( ACP)활성무현저변화( P>0.05)，양성계단간장ACP활성축점하강，유어화양성계단간장초양화물기화매( SOD)활성선승고후강저。유어화양성계단석반어간장감성린산매( AKP)화용균매(LZM)활성여사료지방수평정정상관관계。6)수사료지방수평적승고，유어화양성계단석반어적위장도위단백매화정분매활성축점하강，위장도지방매활성축점상승。종상，재본시험조건하，사료중괄의수평적지방가이개선유어화양성계단사대석반어적생장성능，차대체성분、생화지표화소화대사매활성유일정영향；이SGR、FCR화PER위평개지표，유어화양성계단적사대석반어대사료중지방적수요량균재11%~13%내。
    The present study was performed to investigate the dietary lipid requirements of grouper in two growth stages ( juvenile and grow out stages) . Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated with five lipid levels (7.07%, 9.92%, 12.92%, 15.95% and 19.04%), which were regulated by fish oil. Fish with the body weight of 9.1 g (juvenile stage) were fed the 5 diets for 8 weeks, and fish with the body weight of 102.6 g ( grow out stage) were fed the 5 diets for 10 weeks. In the same growth stage, each diet had 3 replicates, and each replicate in juvenile and grow out stages had 25 and 20 fish, respectively. The results showed as follows:1) with the dietary lipid level increasing, the weight gain rate ( WGR) , specific growth rate ( SGR) , protein efficiency rate ( PER) , condition factor ( CF) and viscerasomatic index ( VSI) of fish in juvenile and grow out stages were firstly increased and then decreased, while the feed conversion ratio ( FCR) showed an opposite trend, and all of them obtained the extreme when dietary lipid level was 12.92%. 2) With the dietary lipid lev-el increasing, the content of crude protein in whole body of fish in juvenile and grow out stages was gradually decreased, the content of crude lipid in whole body and muscle was gradually increased, and the content of moisture in whole body and muscle had no significant difference ( P>0.05) , while the other indices in whole body and muscle had no regular changes. 3) With the dietary lipid level increasing, the contents of plasma total protein ( TP) and low density lipoprotein ( LDLC) of fish in juvenile and grow out stages were gradually de-creased, while the content of plasma high density lipoprotein ( HDLC) was gradually increased. The contents of plasma triglyceride ( TG) and total cholesterol ( CHOL) of fish in juvenile and grow out stages had linear or curvilinear relationships with dietary lipid level, repectively. 4) With the dietary lipid level increasing, the ac-tivities of liver hepaticlipase ( HL) , lipoprotein lipase ( LPL) and malic dehydrogenase ( MDH) of fish in ju-venile and grow out stages were gradually decreased, while the content of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) was gradually increased. 5) With the dietary lipid level increasing, the activity of liver acid phosphatase ( ACP) of fish in juvenile stage had no significant change ( P>0.05) , while the activity of liver ACP of fish in grow out stage was gradually decreased, and the activity of liver superoxide dismutase ( SOD) of fish in juvenile and grow out stages was firstly increased and then decreased. The activities of liver alkaline phosphatase ( AKP) and lysozyme ( LZM) of fish in juvenile and grow out stages exhibited positive correlations with dietary lipid level, respectively. 6) With the dietary lipid level increasing, the activities of gastrointestinal pepsin and amyl-ase of fish in juvenile and grow out stages were gradually decreased, while the activity of gastrointestinal lipase was gradually increased. In conclusion, suitable dietary lipid level can improve the growth performance and af-fect the body composition, biochemical indices and digestive and metabolism enzyme activities of orange-spot-ted grouper in juvenile and grow out stages. Using SGR, FCR and PER as evaluation indices, the dietary lipid requirements of orange-spotted grouper in juvenile and grow out stages are all in the range of 11% to 13%.
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