CAJ | 학술논문

硫化氢是垃圾填埋场恶臭污染的主要贡献者之一，填埋场中的硫化氢恶臭污染不仅危害现场工人的身体健康，而且影响周围居民的正常生活。该文概述了垃圾填埋场中硫化氢恶臭的污染状况和特征，从硫化氢的源头控制和末端治理两方面阐述了垃圾填埋场硫化氢恶臭防治技术的研究进展。目前，有关填埋场硫化氢恶臭的控制技术主要集中在末端处理，如对填埋气中的硫化氢进行净化或者采用高效的覆盖层材料来减少硫化氢释放，而对于填埋场内的源头控制手段还非常有限。该文着重提出了利用填埋场堆体内部含量丰富的铁资源的微生物氧化还原以及反硝化脱硫菌的特征代谢作用进行硫化氢的内源削减两大方法，并探讨了其他相关技术的发展趋势，对完善填埋场的硫化氢恶臭污染控制理论与实践具有参考价值。
류화경시랄급전매장악취오염적주요공헌자지일，전매장중적류화경악취오염불부위해현장공인적신체건강，이차영향주위거민적정상생활。해문개술료랄급전매장중류화경악취적오염상황화특정，종류화경적원두공제화말단치리량방면천술료랄급전매장류화경악취방치기술적연구진전。목전，유관전매장류화경악취적공제기술주요집중재말단처리，여대전매기중적류화경진행정화혹자채용고효적복개층재료래감소류화경석방，이대우전매장내적원두공제수단환비상유한。해문착중제출료이용전매장퇴체내부함량봉부적철자원적미생물양화환원이급반초화탈류균적특정대사작용진행류화경적내원삭감량대방법，병탐토료기타상관기술적발전추세，대완선전매장적류화경악취오염공제이론여실천구유삼고개치。
Landfill is a popular disposal method for municipal solid wastes (MSW) in developing countries such as China. With the rapid increase of urbanization and waste output, some landfills are gradually being surrounded by residential areas. Accordingly, odor pollution arisen from landfill site has become one of the most common public complaints. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the major contributors to offensive odors in landfill, which is not only endangers the health of field workers, but also affect the normal life of the surrounding residents. This paper reviewed the recent research progress of H2S odor pollution control technologies in landfill. It shows that the H2S odor pollution in landfill has a very high concentration and intensity with great seasonal and meteorological changing. H2S in landfill gas ranges from hundreds of micrograms per cubic meter up to thousands of milligrams per cubic meter in different MSW landfill sites. Correspondingly, the sulfate, which could be utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as the electron acceptor to produce H2S, ranges from 70 to 1750 mg/L in leachate. Overall, technologies for H2S odor pollution control in landfill are mainly focusing on the end-up treatment including removing of H2S from landfill gas and using the alterative landfill cover layer to reduce H2S emission into the surrounding atmosphere. Besides, semi-aerobic landfill technology, which can accelerate the stabilization of the refuse, reduce the production of leachate and landfill gas, is another good option for H2S odor pollution control. Moreover, technologies of using easy available and efficient materials to control H2S odor emission has also being developed, especially for resource utilization of wastes with special physical, chemical and biological properties. However, technologies about controlling the source of H2S odor in landfill are still very limited. In order to deeply solve the problem of H2S odor pollution from landfill, it may need to change mind to find source control technologies during the decomposition of MSW in landfill. Thus, some new microbial technologies such as taking advantage of the abandon iron“hidden”in the landfilled refuse and nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) to control H2S production in landfill were developed. In the method of using the microbial oxidation and reducing of iron, Fe(II) can remove H2S via the formation of ferrous sulfide precipitation, and Fe(III) can also oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur while itself being reduced to Fe(II) and then experience the same process of ferrous sulfide precipitation. Meanwhile, the electronic using priorities of iron-reducing bacteria promote the above process and avoid the further production of H2S by SRB. In the method of using the metabolism of NR-SOB, the abandon nitrate in landfill is used as electronic acceptor to oxidize sulfide and attenuate the H2S production. Although those mentioned technologies are still being studied, they have good application and development potential. Finally, some other novel technologies and research trends related with H2S odor pollution control in landfill were also summarized and discussed. It has important theoretical and practical significance to deeply control H2S odor pollution in landfill and improve the surrounding environmental quality and ecological health.