CAJ | 학술논문

土壤温度是土壤墒情监测的重要参数之一，它影响着土壤中一系列的物理、化学和生物化学过程，并与作物生长、发育及生理过程关系密切。目前土壤温度测量技术与设备主要源于工业领域，应用比较成熟，但在农田土壤墒情、气象环境、水文、地理等领域具体应用过程中，存在结构针对性不足、敏感元件及探头选择盲目、测量方式不科学等问题。该文针对以上问题，在分析农田土壤温度测量特殊需求、常用传感器结构与特征、敏感元件选型的基础上，对土壤温度传感器进行优化设计，将感知区域缩短为2cm，提出探头导管分离可装配式结构，采用不同长度玻璃钢塑料管组合装配方式，能够灵活满足地温单点、多点、多层测量，并通过试验分析比较了该传感器与传统传感器在结构、封装材料、测量精度、测量插入方式的差异。结果表明，该传感器精度不超过±0.2℃，20℃跨度响应时间小于100s，水平、垂直测量差异稳定缩小到±0.2℃以下。该传感器减少了结构、封装、测量方式等因素的影响，提高了土壤温度测量科学性、准确性。
토양온도시토양상정감측적중요삼수지일，타영향착토양중일계렬적물리、화학화생물화학과정，병여작물생장、발육급생리과정관계밀절。목전토양온도측량기술여설비주요원우공업영역，응용비교성숙，단재농전토양상정、기상배경、수문、지리등영역구체응용과정중，존재결구침대성불족、민감원건급탐두선택맹목、측량방식불과학등문제。해문침대이상문제，재분석농전토양온도측량특수수구、상용전감기결구여특정、민감원건선형적기출상，대토양온도전감기진행우화설계，장감지구역축단위2cm，제출탐두도관분리가장배식결구，채용불동장도파리강소료관조합장배방식，능구령활만족지온단점、다점、다층측량，병통과시험분석비교료해전감기여전통전감기재결구、봉장재료、측량정도、측량삽입방식적차이。결과표명，해전감기정도불초과±0.2℃，20℃과도향응시간소우100s，수평、수직측량차이은정축소도±0.2℃이하。해전감기감소료결구、봉장、측량방식등인소적영향，제고료토양온도측량과학성、준학성。
Soil temperature is one of most important physical parameters of the soil. It effects the physical, chemical and biochemistry characteristics of the soil. Soil temperature also associates with the crop’s growth and physiological process. The soil temperature measurement technology and sensors which are widely used come from the industry. But in the application of soil humidity and meteorological environment geography fields, Soil temperature sensor has the disadvantages of unsuitable structure, selection in sensitive element blindness and unscientific measure method. Based on the analysis of soil temperature measurement requirements in agriculture, sensor structure and sensitive element choice, the paper promoted the assembled structure which had optimization in the design of soil temperature sensor. The temperature sensing region length was reduced to 2 cm. The new design of soil temperature sensor was composed of sensing region and glass fiber reinforced plastics catheter. Lower coefficient of temperature conductivity material was used as catheter could decrease the influence of traditional long sleeve type sensor. The new design can be assembled to measure the single point, multi point and multi-layers’ soil temperature. Experiments had been designed to compare the new designed sensor with the traditional sensors in sensing structures (stainless steel sleeve type&sensing region and supporting rod separation type), packaging materials (epoxy resin & silicone rubber) , measurement accuracy and insert approach (horizontal&vertical). Soil temperature sensor’s selection for application could be brought out according to the experiments. The soil temperature measured by traditional insert sensor has big differences in vertical and horizontal methods. The experiment indicated that the accuracy requirements of single point measurement and multi-layer measurement are different. The result showed that the assembled sensor had the accuracy below ±0.2℃, and the response time is less than 100 seconds in the span of 20 centigrade. Influence of temperature in probe insert methods was about 0.2℃, and the horizontal approach was lower than vertical approach. The new sensor decreased the influence in structure, package and measurement approach. It improved applicability and flexibility of soil temperature sensor, and also raised the scientificity and accuracy in soil temperature measurement technology.