CAJ | 학술논문

通过对泾惠渠灌区2013年夏秋灌期干支斗渠浑水资料的实时取样分析，探究渠灌区渠系挟沙水流含沙量及泥沙级配的时空变化规律，量化描述不同粒径悬移质泥沙颗粒的输移特征，旨在获得灌渠渠系内挟沙水流历经冲淤过程不同粒径悬沙沿程的垂向分布与输移规律，为渠灌区的运行及泥沙问题的处理提供理论基础。灌区内进行的原型取样测流工作在选定的具有代表性的干-支-斗渠线路上进行，观测分析了灌区渠系含沙量及不同粒径泥沙颗粒沿垂线分布的特征，验证分析了挟沙水流历经淤积过程含沙量分布的变化规律。通过对典型渠系线路不同粒径悬移质泥沙的沿程调整计算分析，表明不同粒径泥沙沿程的输移特征不同，各分组沙的冲淤特征并不都和全沙平均计算结果一致，其中级配曲线左端一定粒径范围（约＞0.015 mm）的粗沙与全沙具有同冲同淤的规律。该研究可为泾惠渠灌区泥沙处理利用以及渠灌区浑水调控理论与技术的进一步研究提供依据。
통과대경혜거관구2013년하추관기간지두거혼수자료적실시취양분석，탐구거관구거계협사수류함사량급니사급배적시공변화규률，양화묘술불동립경현이질니사과립적수이특정，지재획득관거거계내협사수류력경충어과정불동립경현사연정적수향분포여수이규률，위거관구적운행급니사문제적처리제공이론기출。관구내진행적원형취양측류공작재선정적구유대표성적간-지-두거선로상진행，관측분석료관구거계함사량급불동립경니사과립연수선분포적특정，험증분석료협사수류력경어적과정함사량분포적변화규률。통과대전형거계선로불동립경현이질니사적연정조정계산분석，표명불동립경니사연정적수이특정불동，각분조사적충어특정병불도화전사평균계산결과일치，기중급배곡선좌단일정립경범위（약＞0.015 mm）적조사여전사구유동충동어적규률。해연구가위경혜거관구니사처리이용이급거관구혼수조공이론여기술적진일보연구제공의거。
Due to non-uniformity of precipitation distribution, irrigation plays an irreplaceable role in agriculture, and diversion channel is the main form in irrigation district. Water and sediment is always indivisible, so it’s always inevitable to divert water at the same time not to divert sediment into the irrigation system. In this paper, the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment in the irrigation canals in the irrigation system are mainly studied. Based on the field data sampled in Jinghuiqu irrigation district during the summer and autumn irrigation period in 2013, the temporal and spatial variation laws of sediment concentration and gradation of the suspended load will be researched and the transport characteristics of the suspended load of different size will be described quantitatively in order to provide basis for sediment treatment and the further research on the theory and technique on regulating the sediment in muddy flow in irrigation channels. The sampling and measurement work have been carried out along a selected typical channel-line from main canal to branch canal to lateral canal in Jinghuiqu irrigation district. Several sediment measuring lines are arranged in each testing station cross-section where muddy water sampling and flow measuring are carried out, and bed material sampling on the canal bottom is carried out respectively before and after muddy water sampling. The laser particle size analyzer is used to measure the particle size of the sediment sample. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration of the total load and sediment particles with different size are further analyzed. It shows that the vertical distribution of sediment concentration of the total load basically obeys Rouse formula and the Z value ranges from 0.001 to 0.015. But the vertical distribution characteristics of sediment particles with different size are different. The concentration of coarse particles decreases with the increase of relative water depth, while the vertical distribution of fine particles whose diameter is less than 0.001 mm shows certain randomness. Meanwhile, the variation laws of vertical distribution of sediment concentration in sedimentation condition have been verified. In non-equilibrium super-saturation transportation condition, sediment concentration is well-distribution in vertical, and super-saturation degree increases with the increase of relative water depth. The vertical distribution of sediment concentration adjusts in the sedimentation process, and adjustment amplitude of upper water is stronger than lower water. The calculation results of the variation and adjustment of sediment with different grain sizes demonstrate that sediment with different grain sizes have different transport characteristics. Incoming sediment particles in Jinghuiqu irrigation district during the summer and autumn irrigation period are very fine and the upper limit diameter is 0.05mm. Scouring-deposition variation of each size-group sediment is not completely consistent with the total load, but the coarse particles whose diameter is about larger than 0.015 mm located at the left end of the gradation curve within a certain range obey the same scouring-deposition laws with the total load. It indicates that coarse sediment is sensitive to scouring-deposition process and the adjustment amplitude of scouring-deposition is basically controlled by coarse particles. So sedimentation in irrigation canals is mainly caused by coarse particles. Besides, the movement laws of sediment laden flow and the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment of different size near canal nodes in irrigation canal system are very complicated, and the content ought to be further researched. Muddy water sampling and flow measuring work in Jinghuiqu irrigation district will be carried out sequentially, and the transport characteristics of the suspended sediment in different scouring-deposition process in irrigation canal system will be further studied.