CAJ | 학술논문

作物有效降水量和需水量是科学确定灌溉时期与灌溉量的重要依据。该研究基于1961－2010年四川盆地104个气象台站的地面气象资料和1981－2010年17个农业气象观测站的玉米生育期资料，采用联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）推荐的参考作物蒸散量和降水量的比率法计算了研究区域内玉米全生育期及不同生育阶段的有效降水量，采用参考作物蒸散量法结合单作物系数法计算了相应时段的需水量，并探讨了玉米不同生育阶段缺水量和水分盈亏指数的变化。结果表明：近50年来，除乳熟到成熟期外，玉米全生育期及播种到乳熟期的有效降水量总体呈下降趋势；全生育期和各生育阶段的需水量均呈减少趋势；除播种到拔节期外，全生育期和拔节到成熟期的缺水量以下降趋势为主。比较各区域典型地区玉米水分盈亏状况，盆地北部玉米水分亏缺程度最严重，而盆地西部最轻；比较玉米各个生育阶段的水分满足情况，播种到拔节阶段水分亏缺程度最严重。研究可为四川盆地玉米种植区的农业用水以及合理灌溉提供科学依据。
작물유효강수량화수수량시과학학정관개시기여관개량적중요의거。해연구기우1961－2010년사천분지104개기상태참적지면기상자료화1981－2010년17개농업기상관측참적옥미생육기자료，채용연합국양식급농업조직（FAO）추천적삼고작물증산량화강수량적비솔법계산료연구구역내옥미전생육기급불동생육계단적유효강수량，채용삼고작물증산량법결합단작물계수법계산료상응시단적수수량，병탐토료옥미불동생육계단결수량화수분영우지수적변화。결과표명：근50년래，제유숙도성숙기외，옥미전생육기급파충도유숙기적유효강수량총체정하강추세；전생육기화각생육계단적수수량균정감소추세；제파충도발절기외，전생육기화발절도성숙기적결수량이하강추세위주。비교각구역전형지구옥미수분영우상황，분지북부옥미수분우결정도최엄중，이분지서부최경；비교옥미각개생육계단적수분만족정황，파충도발절계단수분우결정도최엄중。연구가위사천분지옥미충식구적농업용수이급합리관개제공과학의거。
Crop effective precipitation and water requirement are the basis for farmland water management and irrigation. Based on the observation data from 104 meteorology stations during 1961-2010 and phenology data of maize from 17 agrometeorology stations during 1981-2010 over the maize growing regions of Sichuan basin, the effective precipitation of maize of the whole growing period and different growth stages during 1961-2010 in Sichuan basin were estimated by using the reference crop evapotranspiration and precipitation ratio method recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization, and the water requirement of maize also were estimated by using FAO Penman-Monteith equation and crop coefficient method. Further, the water deficit and water budget index in each growth stage of maize were analyzed in the study area. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize were all significant which were higher in the southwest and northeast areas and lower in the central areas except the growth stage of sowing to jointing. The effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize decreased over the past 50 years except the growth stage of milky-to-maturity. The change trend of effective precipitation of the whole growing period was between-15.2 to 3.9 mm/10a. The change trend of effective precipitation of the whole growing period was between-15.2 to 3.9 mm/10a. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the whole growing period and the stage of sowing to jointing were significant which were higher in the west areas and lower in the east areas. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the stage of jointing to milky were higher in the northeast and west areas and lower in the south areas. The spatial distribution characteristics of water requirement of the stage of milky to ripening were higher in the south areas and lower in the north areas. The water requirement in each growth stage declined over the past 50 years. The change trend of water requirement of the whole growing period was between-12.0 to-0.3 mm/10a. Except during the growth stage of milky to ripening, the spatial distribution characteristics of water deficit of the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize were all significant, which were higher in the north and lower in the south. The water deficit of the whole growing period and the growth stage of jointing-to-maturity decreased over the past 50 years. The change trend of water deficit of the whole growing period was between-10.0 to 8.4 mm/10a. Comparing the water budget index of maize of the typical stations in different study regions, the water deficit was the most serious in the northern basin and the lightest in the western basin. By compare the water deficit of different growth stages of maize, the water deficit of the most serious occurred in the growth stage of sowing-to-joining. This research can provide the basic scientific support for better use of water in agriculture and reasonable irrigation in maize growing regions in Sichuan basin.