CAJ | 학술논문

为应用 AquaCrop 模型模拟覆膜玉米水分利用与产量形成过程，该文根据玉米发育阶段生长度日恒定原理，利用地积温对气积温的补偿效应，改进AquaCrop模型对覆膜玉米的气温计算方法，并根据2011年的生育期、耗水量和产量实测数据对改进模型参数进行校正，依据2012年与2013年的冠层覆盖度、土体贮水量、产量与水分利用效率试验数据对改进模型验证。结果表明，玉米地膜覆盖地积温对气积温的量化补偿系数（Cm）：播种-出苗为1.356，出苗-抽雄前为0.635；校正改进的AquaCrop模型能够较好地模拟覆膜与裸地玉米生育天数、作物耗水量、籽粒产量，相对误差（Pe）、模型效率（CE）、残差系数（CRM）变幅分别为：-4%<Pe<-1%,0.01<RRMSE<0.06，-0.013<CRM<0.045，进一步验证改进覆膜与裸地的冠层覆盖度与土体贮水量实测与模拟值均为 R2>0.88， CE>0.87,0.09<RRMSE<0.39，产量与水分利用效率实测与模拟值的R2分别为0.96和0.93，RRMSE分别为0.042和0.06，CE分别为0.91和0.89，说明改进AquaCrop模型对覆膜与裸地玉米产量的模拟要好于水分利用效率。总体上改进的 AquaCrop 模型模拟覆膜玉米既具有良好的机理性，又具有良好的适用性。本研究可为气候变化条件下开展覆膜玉米生产潜力及限制产量的水温因素等研究提供参考依据与技术支撑。
위응용 AquaCrop 모형모의복막옥미수분이용여산량형성과정，해문근거옥미발육계단생장도일항정원리，이용지적온대기적온적보상효응，개진AquaCrop모형대복막옥미적기온계산방법，병근거2011년적생육기、모수량화산량실측수거대개진모형삼수진행교정，의거2012년여2013년적관층복개도、토체저수량、산량여수분이용효솔시험수거대개진모형험증。결과표명，옥미지막복개지적온대기적온적양화보상계수（Cm）：파충-출묘위1.356，출묘-추웅전위0.635；교정개진적AquaCrop모형능구교호지모의복막여라지옥미생육천수、작물모수량、자립산량，상대오차（Pe）、모형효솔（CE）、잔차계수（CRM）변폭분별위：-4%<Pe<-1%,0.01<RRMSE<0.06，-0.013<CRM<0.045，진일보험증개진복막여라지적관층복개도여토체저수량실측여모의치균위 R2>0.88， CE>0.87,0.09<RRMSE<0.39，산량여수분이용효솔실측여모의치적R2분별위0.96화0.93，RRMSE분별위0.042화0.06，CE분별위0.91화0.89，설명개진AquaCrop모형대복막여라지옥미산량적모의요호우수분이용효솔。총체상개진적 AquaCrop 모형모의복막옥미기구유량호적궤이성，우구유량호적괄용성。본연구가위기후변화조건하개전복막옥미생산잠력급한제산량적수온인소등연구제공삼고의거여기술지탱。
Model simulated crop growth and productivity has been a widely accepted and powerful tool for assessing agricultural production in response to weather, soil, water and nutrients management. A water-driven AquaCrop model recommended by FAO can evaluate the various crops growing across climate, soil, water deficit and irrigation management conditions apart from surface soil mulching process. In this study, AquaCrop model for simulating maize (Zea mays L.) canopy growth, soil water utilization and grain yield formation of mulching maize with plastic film was developed in the northwest semi-arid region of Liaoning province, China (121.70°E, 42.11°N). Based upon invariance of growing degree days (GDD) principle, we modified mean daily air temperature calculation method of AquaCrop model for maize with plastic film mulch according to compensatory effect of cumulative soil temperature to cumulative air temperature, and calibrated this developed model using measured experimental data of growing days, water consumption and grain yield in 2011; the two-year experimental data from 2012 and 2013 were used to validate the developed model for simulating canopy cover (CC), soil water content (SWC);three-year filed experimental data from 2011 to 2013 were used to validate the developed the model for grain yield and water use efficiency under maize rainfed conditions. The modified calculation of air temperature showed that, depending on the linear regression relationship between mean daily air temperature and soil temperature (at 5cm depth) under plastic film mulching and non-mulching (R2>0.8), the raised soil temperature in the mulched maize field was remarkable before tasseling stage. The compensatory coefficient (Cmaize) of mulching plastic film maize and air increment of cumulative soil temperature to cumulative air temperature can be generated continuously by transparent algorithms, which Cmaize was 1.356 from sowing to emergence, 0.635 from emergence to tasseling stage, and 0 after flowing. Furthermore, mean daily air temperature with the addition of air increment formed a new file (*.tmp) and input to AquaCrop’s climate module which can modify by function could be applied to mulching plastic film maize growing. Model coefficient of efficiency (CE), coefficient of determination (R2), the relative root mean square error (RRMSE), prediction error (Pe) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) were used to test the model performance. The developed AquaCrop model was calibrated for simulating maize growing days, water consumption and grain yield for mulched and no-mulched maize with the prediction error statistics-4%<Pe<-1%, 0.01<RRMSE<0.06 and-0.013<CRM<0.045, respectively. Also, the developed AquaCrop model was also validated for simulating CC and SWC for all treatments with prediction error statistics R2>0.88, 0.09<RRMSE<0.39, CE>0.87. Upon validation, the Pe in simulation of water consumption and grain yield under mulched and no-mulched maize was among ±6%. In addition, R2, RRMSE, CE of grain and water use efficiency during 2011 to 2013 were 0.96 and 0.93, 0.042 and 0.06, 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The developed AquaCrop model predicted maize grain yield with higher accuracy and performed better yield than water use efficiency for mulching plastic film maize, which indicated this improved model were better mechanism and application for simulated maize mulching. The present research implicated that the developed AquaCrop model can be applied to the same to semi-arid region and simulated maize potential, or prescribing yield in response to water and temperature limiting factors under climate change.