农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
z1期
102-109
,共8页
张卫鹏%郑志安%王刚%高振江%杨宝玲%王继承
張衛鵬%鄭誌安%王剛%高振江%楊寶玲%王繼承
장위붕%정지안%왕강%고진강%양보령%왕계승
农业机械%烟草%模型%选型方法%田间测试%农艺标准
農業機械%煙草%模型%選型方法%田間測試%農藝標準
농업궤계%연초%모형%선형방법%전간측시%농예표준
agricultural machinery%tobacco%models%selection method%field test%agronomic standards
为评价农业机械的适用性满意度，探索基于实际生产管理需要的农业机械选型方法。以烟草种植和烟草田间作业机械为研究对象，将烟草种植流程划分为3个阶段10个环节，并设定各环节的评价指标体系，每个环节设计了作业成本、作业效率、作业效果、使用效应等4个二级指标，共44个评价指标。结合田间实地测试采集评价指标数据；依据农艺要求量化评价指标的评判基准；采用层次分析法，构建综合评价模型。以起垄环节为例评价模型的应用，共涉及7台不同类型的起垄机组（编号分别为I，II，…VII），其中，IV、V为“履带式”，VII为“复合式”，其余均为“手扶式”。测试过程表明，“手扶式”起垄机组工作状态易调整、作业效果好；“履带式”起垄机组整机质量较大，动力不足时容易导致作业、行进速度变缓；“复合式”起垄机组整机结构复杂，操作舒适性和安全性不高。从评价结果看，参与测试的7台起垄机组中，作业成本指标排序靠前是I、III、II号机组，评价值分别为0.91、0.89、0.85；作业效率指标排序靠前的是 V、IV、II 号机组，评价值分别为1、0.49、0.41；作业效果指标排序靠前的是 II、V、I 号机组，评价值分别为0.96、0.69、0.66；使用效应指标排序靠前的是 I、II、V号机组，评价值分别为0.93、0.75、0.59；综合评价表现较佳的是II、I、V号机组，适用性满意度评分分别为0.75、0.68、0.66，选型评价结果与当地实际情况相吻合。该模型可为农业机械选型定量化的比较提供依据和参考。
為評價農業機械的適用性滿意度，探索基于實際生產管理需要的農業機械選型方法。以煙草種植和煙草田間作業機械為研究對象，將煙草種植流程劃分為3箇階段10箇環節，併設定各環節的評價指標體繫，每箇環節設計瞭作業成本、作業效率、作業效果、使用效應等4箇二級指標，共44箇評價指標。結閤田間實地測試採集評價指標數據；依據農藝要求量化評價指標的評判基準；採用層次分析法，構建綜閤評價模型。以起壟環節為例評價模型的應用，共涉及7檯不同類型的起壟機組（編號分彆為I，II，…VII），其中，IV、V為“履帶式”，VII為“複閤式”，其餘均為“手扶式”。測試過程錶明，“手扶式”起壟機組工作狀態易調整、作業效果好；“履帶式”起壟機組整機質量較大，動力不足時容易導緻作業、行進速度變緩；“複閤式”起壟機組整機結構複雜，操作舒適性和安全性不高。從評價結果看，參與測試的7檯起壟機組中，作業成本指標排序靠前是I、III、II號機組，評價值分彆為0.91、0.89、0.85；作業效率指標排序靠前的是 V、IV、II 號機組，評價值分彆為1、0.49、0.41；作業效果指標排序靠前的是 II、V、I 號機組，評價值分彆為0.96、0.69、0.66；使用效應指標排序靠前的是 I、II、V號機組，評價值分彆為0.93、0.75、0.59；綜閤評價錶現較佳的是II、I、V號機組，適用性滿意度評分分彆為0.75、0.68、0.66，選型評價結果與噹地實際情況相吻閤。該模型可為農業機械選型定量化的比較提供依據和參攷。
위평개농업궤계적괄용성만의도，탐색기우실제생산관리수요적농업궤계선형방법。이연초충식화연초전간작업궤계위연구대상，장연초충식류정화분위3개계단10개배절，병설정각배절적평개지표체계，매개배절설계료작업성본、작업효솔、작업효과、사용효응등4개이급지표，공44개평개지표。결합전간실지측시채집평개지표수거；의거농예요구양화평개지표적평판기준；채용층차분석법，구건종합평개모형。이기롱배절위례평개모형적응용，공섭급7태불동류형적기롱궤조（편호분별위I，II，…VII），기중，IV、V위“리대식”，VII위“복합식”，기여균위“수부식”。측시과정표명，“수부식”기롱궤조공작상태역조정、작업효과호；“리대식”기롱궤조정궤질량교대，동력불족시용역도치작업、행진속도변완；“복합식”기롱궤조정궤결구복잡，조작서괄성화안전성불고。종평개결과간，삼여측시적7태기롱궤조중，작업성본지표배서고전시I、III、II호궤조，평개치분별위0.91、0.89、0.85；작업효솔지표배서고전적시 V、IV、II 호궤조，평개치분별위1、0.49、0.41；작업효과지표배서고전적시 II、V、I 호궤조，평개치분별위0.96、0.69、0.66；사용효응지표배서고전적시 I、II、V호궤조，평개치분별위0.93、0.75、0.59；종합평개표현교가적시II、I、V호궤조，괄용성만의도평분분별위0.75、0.68、0.66，선형평개결과여당지실제정황상문합。해모형가위농업궤계선형정양화적비교제공의거화삼고。
In order to avoid the bias occurred in empirical method for agricultural machinery selection, such as testing operation effects by field demonstration or organoleptic evaluation, this essay aims to develop an applicability satisfaction based evaluation solution for the agricultural machinery selection test. By adopting tobacco planting and tobacco field machinery as study objects, a practical production management oriented model is proposed. The process of tobacco planting is divided into ten links of three stages (Preparation, Planting, and Management). An evaluation index system, involving forty-four indexes in all, is set at the same time. In which, ten evaluation models correspond to ten tobacco planting links respectively, while each of the evaluation models consists of four major operational indicators, namely cost, efficiency, effect, and effectiveness. The system samples data from on-site test based on quantitative evaluation indicators as benchmark under agronomic requirements, and builds up a comprehensive evaluation model by means of AHP. The ridging link is taken as an example to demonstrate the application of the model. In the experiment, seven sets of ridging machinery are involved (with serial numbers as I, II, …… , and VII). In which, IV and V are of Caterpillar type; VII is of Multifunctional, and all others are of Walk-Behind. From the process of the experiment, the following performances have been presented. First, the Walk-Behind sets work best from the perspective of operation effect and stability due to their small overall sizes that facilitate adjusting the working attitudes in time. Among all types, these sets show the best also in safety assessment that they have lest risk of rollover when operating between small pieces of fields in hilly area. However, the operation efficiency is hard to be largely increased restricted by the slow walking speed of operator. Second, due to the big size, the Caterpillars are slow in both operation and pushing forward when they are underpowered. The fuel consumption will rise high if the sets are overpowered though the operation efficiency may be improved. Finally, the Multifunctional set shows poor operational comfort and safety on account of the complicated mechanism. In general, by increasing the operational efficiency, compacting the machinery size and improving applicability effectiveness, the ridging machinery will optimize its comprehensive operational efficiency in hilly areas. Viewing from the evaluation results, sets I, III, and II rank high in operation cost, the values of which are 0.91, 0.89 and 0.85. Set V, IV and II rank high in operation efficiency, the values of which are 1, 0.49 and 0.41. Sets II, V, and I are high in operation effect, the value of which are 0.96, 0.69 and 0.66.And sets I, II and V are high in applicability effectiveness, the value of which are 0.93, 0.75 and 0.59. Comprehensively, sets II, I and V feature the best with the applicability satisfaction index of 0.75, 0.68 and 0.66.The results of assessment are consistent with the real local situation and practical performance of the machinery sets in the test process. Thus, the proposed model is reliable to make objective and accurate evaluation of applicability satisfaction for the tobacco machinery in the ten links, and provide relevant ranking for tested machinery sets in each link. The evaluation values will not only provide decision support and quantitative basis for the performance evaluation on the tobacco field machinery, identify the key restriction factors that cause poor operation effect, but also provide a new reference for the selection of agricultural machinery in other planting fields.
