CAJ | 학술논문

为有效指导稻麦轮作一年两熟区的机械化生产模式的选用及其效率优化，该文以江苏省24个典型稻麦机械化生产模式为研究对象，基于调研数据，运用DEA-Tobit两步法，分别以货币收益和粮食产量为产出目标，测算各模式的效率及其影响因素。结果表明：基于不同产出目标的效率值差异显著。以货币收益为产出目标，有合作社或农业企业对外作业服务、且机械化生产程度较高特点的模式的效率值较优；以粮食产量为产出目标，具有农机化作业自有自用、机械化生产程度较高特点的模式的效率值较优。财政补贴占总投入的比例、农田连片率、劳动者受教育程度对各生产模式都是正向影响，劳均农机动力、台均农机原值、劳均种植面积对不同产出目标生产模式的技术效率有正向或负向影响。且当前大部分生产模式处于规模报酬递减。故根据不同的产出目标，应在一定的组织模式下选用适宜的技术模式，并针对各影响因素对效率的作用调整改进方向，非盲目增加投入量。该研究结果可为江苏省选用适宜的稻麦机械化生产模式以及优化效率提供参考。
위유효지도도맥륜작일년량숙구적궤계화생산모식적선용급기효솔우화，해문이강소성24개전형도맥궤계화생산모식위연구대상，기우조연수거，운용DEA-Tobit량보법，분별이화폐수익화양식산량위산출목표，측산각모식적효솔급기영향인소。결과표명：기우불동산출목표적효솔치차이현저。이화폐수익위산출목표，유합작사혹농업기업대외작업복무、차궤계화생산정도교고특점적모식적효솔치교우；이양식산량위산출목표，구유농궤화작업자유자용、궤계화생산정도교고특점적모식적효솔치교우。재정보첩점총투입적비례、농전련편솔、노동자수교육정도대각생산모식도시정향영향，로균농궤동력、태균농궤원치、로균충식면적대불동산출목표생산모식적기술효솔유정향혹부향영향。차당전대부분생산모식처우규모보수체감。고근거불동적산출목표，응재일정적조직모식하선용괄의적기술모식，병침대각영향인소대효솔적작용조정개진방향，비맹목증가투입량。해연구결과가위강소성선용괄의적도맥궤계화생산모식이급우화효솔제공삼고。
To guide selection of the appropriate mechanical production mode within a certain area, the government and producers should make a choice according to production efficiency of the mode and to optimize its efficiency. The research sorted mechanization production mode, based on the degree of used agricultural machinery under a certain type of organizers in the production process (The organizers’ type such as:individual farmer, family farm, agricultural production cooperatives for their own use machinery, agricultural machinery service cooperation, agricultural enterprise for their own use machinery, agricultural enterprise provide agricultural machinery operation service. The degree of used agricultural machinery is divided into 8 levels:less than 4 processes, with 4-7 processes, more than 7 processes, or fully mechanized are in 10 ones for field production, and on the basis of the above four types field production extended to postpartum processing),and focused on efficiency of 24 typical modes with Paddy rice-wheat rotation planting in double crop production area in Jiangsu province. The primary data was collected from field investigated,and for respectively output targets to a money income for government or the grain yield for producers. The DEA-Tobit method was applied for analyzing the different patterns under different output object for production efficiency and the influence factors. The relationship between production mode and its efficiency was obtained. In addition, including to the relationship between the efficiency and a few influence factors with mechanized production were analyzed. Results of this study clearly provide to us, the efficiency is significant difference under each output targets. If we want to obtain high efficiency based on object for money income, it shows that efficiency is higher in mechanized production pattern of the characteristics,which is more high degree of using agricultural machinery operation in the production process, and which is cooperation organization or the agricultural enterprise with the agricultural machinery to do some operation service for the planting farmers. However, if we want to high efficiency focus on yield production,the members participate in mechanized production with local and for their own use agricultural machinery, and the patterns of mechanization operation is in large proportion. And the efficiency is related to the six factors, such as financial subsidy accounts for total investment,the cultivated area condition, educated labors are the great positive effected factors to efficiency of production patterns. The proportion of agricultural machinery and laborer, on average monetary value of machinery,and the planting area for each laborer are affected efficiency to the different production patterns with positive or negative. And most of the mechanization production modes are in the scale of diminishing returns at the present situation, that is affected to the investment option and management scale. Therefore, according to the different output targets, it should choose mode in higher degree of using mechanization production operation within a certain organizers, and for the efficiency adjust influence factors accordingly. The research results contribute to choose the suitable mechanization production mode, and provide reference ways to improve the efficiency for the producers and government.