CAJ | 학술논문

目前，藜蒿栽植主要依靠人工扦插。分苗装置是实现藜蒿机械化扦插的关键部件，为实现藜蒿苗杆的有序进给，该文设计了一种基于振动机理的藜蒿扦插机分苗装置。在分析振动式分苗装置振动机构—曲柄滑块机构运动分析基础上，利用 Matlab 优化了振动式分苗装置的结构参数，即当该曲柄摇杆机构的连杆、摇杆分别取499 mm、273 mm时，机构达到最好传力效果。利用Ansys对分苗装置的振动特性进行了模态分析，为防止弹簧钢板变形，振动频率应小于98.66 Hz。而后，以曲柄长度、振动频率、轨道倾角为试验因素，开展了藜蒿分苗装置的试验研究。极差分析结果表明，试验台倾角对分苗合格率影响较大，振动频率次之，偏心距影响最小，优化组合为：振动频率36 Hz、轨道倾角6°、曲柄长度14 mm，此优化组合参数下藜蒿苗杆分苗合格率可达86.3%。该研究工作实现了藜蒿苗杆的机械化分苗，为藜蒿扦插机械的进一步研究提供了参考。
목전，려호재식주요의고인공천삽。분묘장치시실현려호궤계화천삽적관건부건，위실현려호묘간적유서진급，해문설계료일충기우진동궤리적려호천삽궤분묘장치。재분석진동식분묘장치진동궤구—곡병활괴궤구운동분석기출상，이용 Matlab 우화료진동식분묘장치적결구삼수，즉당해곡병요간궤구적련간、요간분별취499 mm、273 mm시，궤구체도최호전력효과。이용Ansys대분묘장치적진동특성진행료모태분석，위방지탄황강판변형，진동빈솔응소우98.66 Hz。이후，이곡병장도、진동빈솔、궤도경각위시험인소，개전료려호분묘장치적시험연구。겁차분석결과표명，시험태경각대분묘합격솔영향교대，진동빈솔차지，편심거영향최소，우화조합위：진동빈솔36 Hz、궤도경각6°、곡병장도14 mm，차우화조합삼수하려호묘간분묘합격솔가체86.3%。해연구공작실현료려호묘간적궤계화분묘，위려호천삽궤계적진일보연구제공료삼고。
The transplantation of Artemisia arborescens are mainly relying on artificial cuttings, the seedling separation device is a key component to achieve planting mechanization of Artemisia arborescens. In order to obtain orderly feed of Artemisia arborescens seedlings rod, a kind of seedling separation device of Artemisia arborescens transplanter based on vibration mechanism was designed in this paper. The main components of seedling separation device were: motor, frame, reset device of leaf spring, ledger plate, guide rail for seedling, seedling box, crank-rocker mechanism and transmission agent etc. At first, the device structure of seedlings was reasonably simplified to crank-slider mechanism, and the mathematical modeling was created on basis of characteristics of crank-slider mechanism. In order to achieve the best power transmission, the motion analysis of device was conducted,and the angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration of coupler and rocker were obtained. The Matlab software was used to analyze the movement of the crank-slider mechanism, and then optimized the structure parameters of seedlings vibrating device. The optimization results showed that, when the coupler,rocker were 499mm and 273mm respectively, the power transmission could achieve the best results. Then, spring steel which was the key component of seedlings device was imported from Pro/E into Ansys Workbench to carry on model analysis of vibration characteristics. Model analysis results showed that, as frequency increasing, bending deflection of spring steel occurred firstly, then converted to distortion, and the superimposed vibrations which could lead to severe deformation appeared at last. Therefore, the vibration frequency should be less than 98.66 Hz, and the rigidity of upper end of spring steel should be appropriately strengthened. The crank length, vibration frequency and orbital inclination were taken as experimental factors, and then experimental studies of Artemisia arborescens seedling separation device were conducted. The results of the range analysis showed that the orbital inclination had the greatest impact on the quality of seedlings, the vibration frequency had less impact, and the crank length had a minimal impact. Therefore, the optimized combination was as follows: the vibration frequency was 36 Hz, the orbital inclination was 6°, and the length of crank was 14 mm. With this optimized combination, the qualified rate of seedling separation device based on vibration mechanism can reach 86.30%. This research work realized the mechanical seedling separation of Artemisia arborescens seedlings rod, which provided a reference for the further study of Artemisia arborescens transplanter.