农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
z1期
14-20
,共7页
侯冲%胡建平%郭坤%赵湛
侯遲%鬍建平%郭坤%趙湛
후충%호건평%곽곤%조담
农业机械%种子%气力式设备%多气道%排种器
農業機械%種子%氣力式設備%多氣道%排種器
농업궤계%충자%기력식설비%다기도%배충기
agricultural machinery%seed%pneumatic equipment%multi airway%seed-metering device
针对现有水平吸盘式排种器种盘结构复杂、整体气腔体积大、气压分布不均匀、气流不稳定、受风量和压力因素影响大等问题,该文设计了一种多气道气吸板式排种器。排种器吸种板采用分气道组合气腔结构,依靠吸种板的来回翻转和种箱的上下移动来实现充种和排种;按超级稻每个取秧面积2±1粒的机插育秧播种要求,吸种板采用在单位取秧面积内双孔对角布置的吸种气孔设计方案;对研制的排种器,以两优培九超级稻为试验对象,选取真空度、种箱移动速度、充种角度以及吸孔直径作为试验因素,进行充种性能的正交试验,通过试验得出充种性能最优参数组合为种箱移动速度0.12 m/s、真空度1.5 kPa、充种角度120°、吸孔直径1.0 mm,最优参数组合下的充种合格率94.26%、漏播率2.47%、重播率3.27%;在充种性能最优参数组合下,选择不同播种效率作进一步播种性能试验,当播种效率为300盘/h时,合格率达到90.52%,满足了超级稻精密育秧播种要求。研究结果对保证超级稻育苗质量、实现机械化种植、增加产量和收益具有重要意义。
針對現有水平吸盤式排種器種盤結構複雜、整體氣腔體積大、氣壓分佈不均勻、氣流不穩定、受風量和壓力因素影響大等問題,該文設計瞭一種多氣道氣吸闆式排種器。排種器吸種闆採用分氣道組閤氣腔結構,依靠吸種闆的來迴翻轉和種箱的上下移動來實現充種和排種;按超級稻每箇取秧麵積2±1粒的機插育秧播種要求,吸種闆採用在單位取秧麵積內雙孔對角佈置的吸種氣孔設計方案;對研製的排種器,以兩優培九超級稻為試驗對象,選取真空度、種箱移動速度、充種角度以及吸孔直徑作為試驗因素,進行充種性能的正交試驗,通過試驗得齣充種性能最優參數組閤為種箱移動速度0.12 m/s、真空度1.5 kPa、充種角度120°、吸孔直徑1.0 mm,最優參數組閤下的充種閤格率94.26%、漏播率2.47%、重播率3.27%;在充種性能最優參數組閤下,選擇不同播種效率作進一步播種性能試驗,噹播種效率為300盤/h時,閤格率達到90.52%,滿足瞭超級稻精密育秧播種要求。研究結果對保證超級稻育苗質量、實現機械化種植、增加產量和收益具有重要意義。
침대현유수평흡반식배충기충반결구복잡、정체기강체적대、기압분포불균균、기류불은정、수풍량화압력인소영향대등문제,해문설계료일충다기도기흡판식배충기。배충기흡충판채용분기도조합기강결구,의고흡충판적래회번전화충상적상하이동래실현충충화배충;안초급도매개취앙면적2±1립적궤삽육앙파충요구,흡충판채용재단위취앙면적내쌍공대각포치적흡충기공설계방안;대연제적배충기,이량우배구초급도위시험대상,선취진공도、충상이동속도、충충각도이급흡공직경작위시험인소,진행충충성능적정교시험,통과시험득출충충성능최우삼수조합위충상이동속도0.12 m/s、진공도1.5 kPa、충충각도120°、흡공직경1.0 mm,최우삼수조합하적충충합격솔94.26%、루파솔2.47%、중파솔3.27%;재충충성능최우삼수조합하,선택불동파충효솔작진일보파충성능시험,당파충효솔위300반/h시,합격솔체도90.52%,만족료초급도정밀육앙파충요구。연구결과대보증초급도육묘질량、실현궤계화충식、증가산량화수익구유중요의의。
Seed-metering device is the key equipment for factory seedling, however the metering precision of the existing rice seed-metering device was in 2~5 seeds per sampling area, it couldn't meet the super rice sowing requirements of the 2 ± 1 seeds per seedlings area when machine plug seedling. Air-suction metering device has become the main equipment of super rice sowing because of its high accuracy, low injury, adaptability and other characteristics. But the existing air-suction seeding device widely used the metering methods that row box was vertically vibrated and sowing plate was parallel moved back and forth for filling seeds, then it has complicated structure, large overall volume of the gas chamber, uneven pressure distribution and unstable air flow, it was also affected easily by the air flow and pressure factors. To overcome these shortcomings, a new kind of air-suction plate metering device was designed in this paper, which was composed of conveyor belt, slider, combination of airway gas chamber, suction plate, linear guide way, vibrator ,Seed box, cylinder, seeding tray, electric sensor, and so on. The working principle of new type metering device was the suction plate swung back and forth,the seed box moved up and down along the suction plate. To meet the super hybrid rice precision sowing requirements of 2 ± 1 seeds per sowing unite,the suction plate was designed as 544 suction units, each unit was arranged two suction holes diagonally. According to the rice seedling plate size, the size of the overall structure of gas cavity plate was determined, its length is 600 mm, width is 300mm and the height is 25 mm. The gas cavity plate was divided into eight airway with the horizontal, each airway width is 30mm, height is 20 mm, two ends of each horizontal airway communicated with the longitudinal airway, airway suction slot longitudinally at both ends connected with a negative pressure air source, multi gas cavity plate connected with seed suction plate under the sealing state, its two ends can be vacuumed by interconnected aspiratory airway. Seed box was designed to the half open type shape, opening bottom width is 100mm, high is 120 mm, up width is 40mm, the gap left between the lower edge of the box and a seed suction plate, both sides of box respectively through the sliding block and the fixed installed in the ceiling which consists of linear guide plate on both sides of the moving pair. The traditional single chamber structure was changed to combination chamber by more horizontal airways and longitudinal grooves on both sides of chamber. Take liangyoupeijiu super hybrid rice as the research object, select the vacuum pressure, seed box moving speed, seed-filling the position angle and suction hole diameter as test factors,the single factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out. The results showed that metering device had the optimal seed-filling performance under these conditions of the seed box moving speed 0.12 m/s, vacuum pressure 1.5 kPa, seed-filling the position angle 120°, and the suction hole diameter 1.0mm, the qualified rate was 94.26%, the miss index was 2.47%, and the multiple index was 3.27%. And the seeding performance was tested by different efficiency under the optimal parameter combination of seed-filling performance. When the efficiency is 300 plates per hour,the qualified rate is 90.52%, it showed the new air-suction seeding device not only meet the super rice seedling sowing requires precision, but also has important implications for the quality assurance of super rice breeding, mechanized cultivation, increase productivity and profitability.