CAJ | 학술논문

为实现目前在四川丘陵旱地大力推广的国家主推技术——“小麦-玉米-大豆”旱地新三熟带状复合种植模式的机械化生产，该文研究了复合种植作物的带宽配置和农艺措施，选择“100-100”带宽配置为该模式配套机械化的主体模式；分别运用微型、小型和中型动力机组进行了主体模式下的机械化作业，并针对该模式研发的玉米和大豆收获机进行试验。结果表明：带状复合机械化是可行的，以 MINI 小四轮拖拉机为动力的机具系统能满足主体模式和丘陵小地块的生产要求，具有良好的经济和社会效益，是发展四川丘陵旱地农业生产机械化的良好载体。
위실현목전재사천구릉한지대력추엄적국가주추기술——“소맥-옥미-대두”한지신삼숙대상복합충식모식적궤계화생산，해문연구료복합충식작물적대관배치화농예조시，선택“100-100”대관배치위해모식배투궤계화적주체모식；분별운용미형、소형화중형동력궤조진행료주체모식하적궤계화작업，병침대해모식연발적옥미화대두수획궤진행시험。결과표명：대상복합궤계화시가행적，이 MINI 소사륜타랍궤위동력적궤구계통능만족주체모식화구릉소지괴적생산요구，구유량호적경제화사회효익，시발전사천구릉한지농업생산궤계화적량호재체。
For centuries, strip compound planting system has been widely adopted in the southwestern part of China, and is mainly farmed by hand up to date. It is commonly believed that the compound planting system results to the low level of mechanization. The traditional strip compound planting system, “wheat-maize-sweet potato”(WMP) relay cropping system was once the main cropping pattern on dry land in this area. However, in recent years, along with the demand decrease of sweet potato as swine feed and the demand increase of soybean, soybean has been taking the place of sweet potato in the WMP system for its economic benefits;then the main compound planting system has gradually transformed into“wheat-maize-soybean”(WMS), which is now one of the key technologies the nation has been endeavoring to popularize. In the WMS relay cropping system, several rows of wheat are usually drilled with 20cm row space at the beginning of November of the first year relay-cropping with several rows of maize which are usually hill-dropped with 40cm row space at the end of March of the next year;when the wheat is harvested in the middle of May, several rows of soybean are then seeded with 40cm row space in the wheat stubble relay-cropping with maize at the beginning of June of the second year. In practice, there are usually three types of strip width configuration of Wheat-Maize:narrow (40-73 cm), medium (100-100cm、117-83cm, 100-67 cm) and wide (200-200 cm). Different crop width configuration has different room available for mechanization operation; the nonstandard crop strip width hazards the adoption of mechanization;so the strip width configuration needs to be standardized firstly in line with the demands of mechanization. In order to realize the mechanized production of the WMS model as well as to improve the level of mechanization by popularizing the mechanized relay cropping system, the machine and agriculture measures for the WMS system should both be taken into account as a whole. On the condition of achieving the maximum annual yield of the three crops in the WMS system, field experiments have been carried out at several sites in the hilly areas of Sichuan Province since 2003 to acquire the optimal width configuration and agricultural measures. By the results, the“100-100”WMS model was selected as the optimal pattern to be mechanized with. Thereafter, mechanization operations were carried out in the chosen system by employing mini-, small-and medium-sized machinery system, respectively and the maize and soybean harvesters developed intentionally for the chosen pattern. According to the results, the mechanization of strip compound planting system is feasible;the compound planting system is not the root cause that leads to the low mechanization level in the hilly areas;“100-100”WMS model is the reliable carrier for developing dry land mechanization in the hilly areas of Sichuan; the Mini-four-wheeled tractor and its implements system is applicable for the strip compound planting system as well as the small-sized plots in hilly areas; so the popularization of the mechanized “100-100” WMS model shall facilitate the mechanization of the hilly areas.