CAJ | 학술논문

长期采用受铁矿尾矿水污染的河水进行灌溉的农田，其土壤存在一定重金属镉污染，且土壤酸化严重，有效硅活性低。甘蔗是需硅量较大的植物，因此在甘蔗种植过程中施用碱性硅肥既可补充硅营养又可通过硅肥控制镉的吸收。本试验通过硅肥不同施用量及基肥、基肥+追肥的施用方式的比较，结果表明：在甘蔗种植中一次性施用硅肥1500 kg·hm-2，可以使土壤中活性较高的弱酸提取态镉占镉总量的比例从38.45%下降到32.51%，而甘蔗不能利用的残渣态镉的占比从11.19%提高到14.78%；硅肥分为基肥与追肥两次施用的方式，其对土壤镉的形态的影响也存在相似的规律，且变化趋势更加显著，弱酸提取态镉占比从40.93%下降到35.47%，降幅更加显著；同样残渣态镉则随着硅肥施用量的增加而增加，其占比从16.26%增加到22.66%；施用硅肥能有效降低甘蔗汁中镉的含量，从一次性作为基肥施用的结果来看，每公顷施用375~1500 kg硅肥，其蔗汁中镉含量随施肥量增加而下降，从168.54μg·L-1降至57.87μg·L-1，降幅为28.26%~60.30%；蔗渣中镉含量也有相似的变化趋势，从468.36μg·kg-1降至377.77μg·kg-1，降幅为7.86%~19.34%；采用基肥+追肥施用硅肥，无论是蔗汁还是蔗渣，其镉的含量同样随硅肥施用量的增加而下降，蔗汁镉含量的降幅更大，最高可降81.18%，从而达到降低甘蔗汁及蔗渣中镉含量水平的目的。
장기채용수철광미광수오염적하수진행관개적농전，기토양존재일정중금속력오염，차토양산화엄중，유효규활성저。감자시수규량교대적식물，인차재감자충식과정중시용감성규비기가보충규영양우가통과규비공제력적흡수。본시험통과규비불동시용량급기비、기비+추비적시용방식적비교，결과표명：재감자충식중일차성시용규비1500 kg·hm-2，가이사토양중활성교고적약산제취태력점력총량적비례종38.45%하강도32.51%，이감자불능이용적잔사태력적점비종11.19%제고도14.78%；규비분위기비여추비량차시용적방식，기대토양력적형태적영향야존재상사적규률，차변화추세경가현저，약산제취태력점비종40.93%하강도35.47%，강폭경가현저；동양잔사태력칙수착규비시용량적증가이증가，기점비종16.26%증가도22.66%；시용규비능유효강저감자즙중력적함량，종일차성작위기비시용적결과래간，매공경시용375~1500 kg규비，기자즙중력함량수시비량증가이하강，종168.54μg·L-1강지57.87μg·L-1，강폭위28.26%~60.30%；자사중력함량야유상사적변화추세，종468.36μg·kg-1강지377.77μg·kg-1，강폭위7.86%~19.34%；채용기비+추비시용규비，무론시자즙환시자사，기력적함량동양수규비시용량적증가이하강，자즙력함량적강폭경대，최고가강81.18%，종이체도강저감자즙급자사중력함량수평적목적。
Farmland irrigated with river water polluted by acid mine drainage from iron ores will become very acidic, toxic with heavy metals like cadmiums and low availability of silicon for plant growth. Sugarcane plants needs a lot of silicon for better growth, thus application of silicate fertilizers not only adjust the low pH, but also supply sugarcane for with silicon for better growth and suppress its uptake of cadmium. Experiments were carried with different application rates, application methods (basal, basal + dressing) of silicate fertilizers with an aim to evaluating its effects and optimum dose and time of application. Results showed that with the application of 1500 kg·hm-2 silicate fertilizer as basal, Cd availability of weak acidic extractable form decreased from 38.45% to 32.51%, and the residue form increased from 11.19% to 14.78%. Concomitantly, cadmium content in sugarcane juice decreased from 168.54μg·L-1 to 57.87μg·L-1 with a decreasing percentage of 7.86%~19.34% in the case of silicate application of 375~1500 kg·hm-2. Forms changes became more significant in the case of separate application of silicon fertilizer as basal and dressing with Cd availability of weak acidic extractable form decreased from 40.93% to 35.47% and residue form increased from 16.26% to 22.66%. The maximum decrease percentage of Cd content in sugarcane juice was 81.18%. It was concluded that the application of silicate fertilizer would be an effective method to reduce cadmium content in sugar cane plant grown in heavy metal polluted farmland.