生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
12期
1986-1990
,共5页
刘爱菊%方殿梅%王超%李梦红
劉愛菊%方殿梅%王超%李夢紅
류애국%방전매%왕초%리몽홍
Cu%污染%土壤硝化作用%恢复
Cu%汙染%土壤硝化作用%恢複
Cu%오염%토양초화작용%회복
Cu%contamination%coil nitrification%recovery
随着养殖业的规模化发展，Cu、Zn等重金属元素作为饲料添加剂被广泛应用于畜禽养殖，并随着畜禽粪便的大量、广泛农用，Cu、Zn等低生物毒性的重金属元素在土壤中的逐渐累积以及污染问题日趋严重，这对土壤生态系统的稳定造成了严重的威胁。为探讨Cu胁迫下土壤生态功能的动态变化，文章采用室内模拟培养法，测定了红壤、黄土等8种典型土壤的潜在硝化势对Cu污染胁迫的时间效应；并利用统计分析手段研究了影响Cu胁迫下土壤的硝化功能恢复的主要因素。研究结果表明，在试验处理剂量下，Cu污染处理一周，各土壤潜在硝化势均受到完全抑制，即抑制率在80%以上；随着污染胁迫时间的延长，各土壤的硝化功能均有不同程度的恢复，且在540 d后，500 mg·kg-1 Cu处理土壤（除pH较低的红壤和黑土外）潜在硝化势的恢复率均达到其初始值的80%，即土壤硝化功能基本完全恢复；1000 mg·kg-1 Cu处理土壤（除褐土、棕壤和黄土3中土壤外）潜在硝化势的恢复率均显著低于80%。这表明Cu污染程度的增加可延迟土壤硝化功能的恢复。多元逐步回归分析表明，Cu 污染胁迫下土壤硝化功能的恢复与其初始硝化功能以及其对 Cu 耐受能力显著相关。由此可知，长期Cu污染胁迫下，土壤的硝化功能的恢复主要取决于土壤初始的硝化活性及其对Cu的耐受能力。
隨著養殖業的規模化髮展，Cu、Zn等重金屬元素作為飼料添加劑被廣汎應用于畜禽養殖，併隨著畜禽糞便的大量、廣汎農用，Cu、Zn等低生物毒性的重金屬元素在土壤中的逐漸纍積以及汙染問題日趨嚴重，這對土壤生態繫統的穩定造成瞭嚴重的威脅。為探討Cu脅迫下土壤生態功能的動態變化，文章採用室內模擬培養法，測定瞭紅壤、黃土等8種典型土壤的潛在硝化勢對Cu汙染脅迫的時間效應；併利用統計分析手段研究瞭影響Cu脅迫下土壤的硝化功能恢複的主要因素。研究結果錶明，在試驗處理劑量下，Cu汙染處理一週，各土壤潛在硝化勢均受到完全抑製，即抑製率在80%以上；隨著汙染脅迫時間的延長，各土壤的硝化功能均有不同程度的恢複，且在540 d後，500 mg·kg-1 Cu處理土壤（除pH較低的紅壤和黑土外）潛在硝化勢的恢複率均達到其初始值的80%，即土壤硝化功能基本完全恢複；1000 mg·kg-1 Cu處理土壤（除褐土、棕壤和黃土3中土壤外）潛在硝化勢的恢複率均顯著低于80%。這錶明Cu汙染程度的增加可延遲土壤硝化功能的恢複。多元逐步迴歸分析錶明，Cu 汙染脅迫下土壤硝化功能的恢複與其初始硝化功能以及其對 Cu 耐受能力顯著相關。由此可知，長期Cu汙染脅迫下，土壤的硝化功能的恢複主要取決于土壤初始的硝化活性及其對Cu的耐受能力。
수착양식업적규모화발전，Cu、Zn등중금속원소작위사료첨가제피엄범응용우축금양식，병수착축금분편적대량、엄범농용，Cu、Zn등저생물독성적중금속원소재토양중적축점루적이급오염문제일추엄중，저대토양생태계통적은정조성료엄중적위협。위탐토Cu협박하토양생태공능적동태변화，문장채용실내모의배양법，측정료홍양、황토등8충전형토양적잠재초화세대Cu오염협박적시간효응；병이용통계분석수단연구료영향Cu협박하토양적초화공능회복적주요인소。연구결과표명，재시험처리제량하，Cu오염처리일주，각토양잠재초화세균수도완전억제，즉억제솔재80%이상；수착오염협박시간적연장，각토양적초화공능균유불동정도적회복，차재540 d후，500 mg·kg-1 Cu처리토양（제pH교저적홍양화흑토외）잠재초화세적회복솔균체도기초시치적80%，즉토양초화공능기본완전회복；1000 mg·kg-1 Cu처리토양（제갈토、종양화황토3중토양외）잠재초화세적회복솔균현저저우80%。저표명Cu오염정도적증가가연지토양초화공능적회복。다원축보회귀분석표명，Cu 오염협박하토양초화공능적회복여기초시초화공능이급기대 Cu 내수능력현저상관。유차가지，장기Cu오염협박하，토양적초화공능적회복주요취결우토양초시적초화활성급기대Cu적내수능력。
Up to 90% of trace elements, such as Cu and Zn, that are fed to livestock are excreted and thus are present in manure. By the wide application of manure as fertilizer, these light toxic elements can reach soil, accumulate and cause serious risk on soils microbial ecology. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Cu on soil nitrification function for a longtime after application, and its key factors. To this end, the soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) was determined, and the relationship between PNR and soil properties was tested. Eight soil samples, collected from 8 locations of China, were used to represent soil nitrification bacterial difference, and to assess s effects on the recovery of the soil nitrification to long time metal stress (Cu). Soil (700 g) was amended with either mineral water and incubated in dark at 25℃ for 7 days. Then each of these soil treatments was mixed with CuCl2 solutions at two total concentration levels 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1, respectively. No Cu treated samples were selected as control treatments. After 0, 30, 180, 360 and 540 d, soils PNR were determined. At the same time, a spike-on-spike assay was set-up to test for tolerance of soil nitrification to copper (Cu). The results indicated that all soil PNRs were seriously inhibited by Cu at the beginning, which was over 80 % for the soil samples treated with 500 mg·kg-1 and was 100 % for the soil samples treated with 1000 mg·kg-1. After a long time Cu exposure (540 days), recovery of the soil nitrification rate were found in all the Cu amended soils, especially for the soils treated with Cu 500 mg·kg-1, PNR almost restored to the same level to the control treatments as the recovery rate ranging from 80% to 100%. Multiple steps regression analysis indicated that the recovery was strongly related to the soil primary nitrification activity and its initial tolerance to Cu. Increased Cu tolerance of soil nitrification was consistently observed in response to corresponding soil contamination, and it was also strongly related to the soil primary nitrification activity. These data indicate that inherently microbial activity can be significant factor for the recovery of soil functioning derived from metal contamination.
