中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
CHINA SPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2015年
1期
132-139
,共8页
锻炼%心理健康%运动干预%运动体验%机制
鍛煉%心理健康%運動榦預%運動體驗%機製
단련%심리건강%운동간예%운동체험%궤제
exercise%mental health%exercise intervention%exercise ex perience%mechanism
锻炼促进心理健康得到大量研究的证实。大众参与有规律的、中等强度的锻炼能够降低罹患心理疾病的风险，减少抑郁、焦虑症状，缓解认知功能衰退，提高生活质量。对心理障碍患者的运动干预不仅能直接减少抑郁、焦虑、恐怖等症状，促进心理治疗的临床效果，还能作为在常规疗法无效时减少症状的选择。锻炼促进心理健康的机制主要有3种途径：锻炼中的社会支持，锻炼中的积极体验以及锻炼导致的生理变化。人际关系的建立与维持既对锻炼行为的坚持有促进作用，也能提供各种各样的社会支持，辅助个体解决心理与行为问题；锻炼中产生的积极体验如效能感、身体自我与自尊等能有效地帮助个体对抗抑郁、焦虑症状，促进心理健康；锻炼导致的生理变化与抗抑郁药效果类似。锻炼体验概念的整合、锻炼的作用、身心研究的交叉融合以及锻炼方案制定中的群体差异是需要进一步研究的理论问题。若在实践中将运动干预作为心理疗法，则还需要对运动干预的作用范围（心理障碍类型）、效果（对患者有哪些方面的改善）及机制（为什么会产生这些改变）进行深入研究。
鍛煉促進心理健康得到大量研究的證實。大衆參與有規律的、中等彊度的鍛煉能夠降低罹患心理疾病的風險，減少抑鬱、焦慮癥狀，緩解認知功能衰退，提高生活質量。對心理障礙患者的運動榦預不僅能直接減少抑鬱、焦慮、恐怖等癥狀，促進心理治療的臨床效果，還能作為在常規療法無效時減少癥狀的選擇。鍛煉促進心理健康的機製主要有3種途徑：鍛煉中的社會支持，鍛煉中的積極體驗以及鍛煉導緻的生理變化。人際關繫的建立與維持既對鍛煉行為的堅持有促進作用，也能提供各種各樣的社會支持，輔助箇體解決心理與行為問題；鍛煉中產生的積極體驗如效能感、身體自我與自尊等能有效地幫助箇體對抗抑鬱、焦慮癥狀，促進心理健康；鍛煉導緻的生理變化與抗抑鬱藥效果類似。鍛煉體驗概唸的整閤、鍛煉的作用、身心研究的交扠融閤以及鍛煉方案製定中的群體差異是需要進一步研究的理論問題。若在實踐中將運動榦預作為心理療法，則還需要對運動榦預的作用範圍（心理障礙類型）、效果（對患者有哪些方麵的改善）及機製（為什麽會產生這些改變）進行深入研究。
단련촉진심리건강득도대량연구적증실。대음삼여유규률적、중등강도적단련능구강저리환심리질병적풍험，감소억욱、초필증상，완해인지공능쇠퇴，제고생활질량。대심리장애환자적운동간예불부능직접감소억욱、초필、공포등증상，촉진심리치료적림상효과，환능작위재상규요법무효시감소증상적선택。단련촉진심리건강적궤제주요유3충도경：단련중적사회지지，단련중적적겁체험이급단련도치적생리변화。인제관계적건립여유지기대단련행위적견지유촉진작용，야능제공각충각양적사회지지，보조개체해결심리여행위문제；단련중산생적적겁체험여효능감、신체자아여자존등능유효지방조개체대항억욱、초필증상，촉진심리건강；단련도치적생리변화여항억욱약효과유사。단련체험개념적정합、단련적작용、신심연구적교차융합이급단련방안제정중적군체차이시수요진일보연구적이론문제。약재실천중장운동간예작위심리요법，칙환수요대운동간예적작용범위（심리장애류형）、효과（대환자유나사방면적개선）급궤제（위십요회산생저사개변）진행심입연구。
Accumulative researches have documented that exercises or sports can promote mental health .Public participation in regular ,moderate intensity exercise can reduce the risk of suffer-ing from mental illness ,decrease depression and anxiety symptoms ,alleviate cognitive decline , improve the quality of life .Exercise intervention on patients with mental disorder was not only directly reduce depression ,anxiety ,terror and other symptoms ,and promote the clinical effect of psychological treatment ,but also be the choice of reduce symptoms when the routine therapy is invalid .Exercises promote mental health mainly through three pathways :social communica-tion and positive experience during exercises ,physiological changes brought by exercises .Es-tablishment and maintenance of interpersonal relationship during exercises can both boost the maintenance of exercise behavior and provide various social support assisting individuals to solve psychological and behavior problems .Positive experiences produced by exercises such as self-efficacy ,physical self and self-esteem can effectively help the individuals fight against de-pression ,anxiety symptoms ,and then promote mental health .The physiological changes caused by exercises were similar with antidepressants .Concept integration of exercise experience ,the role of exercise ,integration of mental and physical researches ,and group differences in exercise program were the theoretical problems need further research .If exercise intervention were used as psychological therapy in practice ,the scope of exercise intervention (type of mental disor-der ) ,effect (areas of improvements for patients ) and mechanisms (reasons for these changes ) would need in-depth study .
