宁夏医学杂志
寧夏醫學雜誌
저하의학잡지
NINGXIA MEDICAL JOURNAL
2015年
1期
43-45
,共3页
贫困区%生态移民%传染病%流行病学研究
貧睏區%生態移民%傳染病%流行病學研究
빈곤구%생태이민%전염병%류행병학연구
Poverty areas%Ecological migrants%Communicable diseases%Epidemiologic studies
目的：了解宁夏贫困地区生态移民的重点传染病预防相关知识与行为现状。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法，选取宁夏贫困地区16～60岁生态移民作为调查对象，进行现场流行病学调查。结果共调查300人。汉族生态移民对乙型肝炎、肺结核与细菌性痢疾3种重点传染病的预防知识知晓率（12．3％、5．7％和9．8％）分别低于回族生态移民（22．2％、7．4％和14．8％）。不同民族生态移民乙肝传播途径知晓率差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。重点传染病预防相关行为方面，除便后洗手形成率较高（68．5％）外，其余行为的形成率普遍较低，不共用牙刷、剃须刀行为的形成率最低（9．2％）；除将痰吐到卫生纸（或）痰盂里和不共用牙刷、剃须刀2种行为的形成率差异无统计学意义外，其余5种行为的形成率回族生态移民均高于汉族生态移民，差异有统计学意义。阅读能力方面，洗手行为回族生态移民（5．76±2．38）的平均得分低于汉族生态移民（4．66±2．89），差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论宁夏贫困地区生态移民重点传染病预防知识缺乏，不同民族移民传染病知识存在差异，应加大贫困农村地区预防重点传染病的健康教育工作力度，强化技能培训，提高健康教育工作的针对性。
目的：瞭解寧夏貧睏地區生態移民的重點傳染病預防相關知識與行為現狀。方法採用多階段抽樣的方法，選取寧夏貧睏地區16～60歲生態移民作為調查對象，進行現場流行病學調查。結果共調查300人。漢族生態移民對乙型肝炎、肺結覈與細菌性痢疾3種重點傳染病的預防知識知曉率（12．3％、5．7％和9．8％）分彆低于迴族生態移民（22．2％、7．4％和14．8％）。不同民族生態移民乙肝傳播途徑知曉率差異均有統計學意義（ P＜0．05）。重點傳染病預防相關行為方麵，除便後洗手形成率較高（68．5％）外，其餘行為的形成率普遍較低，不共用牙刷、剃鬚刀行為的形成率最低（9．2％）；除將痰吐到衛生紙（或）痰盂裏和不共用牙刷、剃鬚刀2種行為的形成率差異無統計學意義外，其餘5種行為的形成率迴族生態移民均高于漢族生態移民，差異有統計學意義。閱讀能力方麵，洗手行為迴族生態移民（5．76±2．38）的平均得分低于漢族生態移民（4．66±2．89），差異有統計學意義（P＜0．05）。結論寧夏貧睏地區生態移民重點傳染病預防知識缺乏，不同民族移民傳染病知識存在差異，應加大貧睏農村地區預防重點傳染病的健康教育工作力度，彊化技能培訓，提高健康教育工作的針對性。
목적：료해저하빈곤지구생태이민적중점전염병예방상관지식여행위현상。방법채용다계단추양적방법，선취저하빈곤지구16～60세생태이민작위조사대상，진행현장류행병학조사。결과공조사300인。한족생태이민대을형간염、폐결핵여세균성이질3충중점전염병적예방지식지효솔（12．3％、5．7％화9．8％）분별저우회족생태이민（22．2％、7．4％화14．8％）。불동민족생태이민을간전파도경지효솔차이균유통계학의의（ P＜0．05）。중점전염병예방상관행위방면，제편후세수형성솔교고（68．5％）외，기여행위적형성솔보편교저，불공용아쇄、체수도행위적형성솔최저（9．2％）；제장담토도위생지（혹）담우리화불공용아쇄、체수도2충행위적형성솔차이무통계학의의외，기여5충행위적형성솔회족생태이민균고우한족생태이민，차이유통계학의의。열독능력방면，세수행위회족생태이민（5．76±2．38）적평균득분저우한족생태이민（4．66±2．89），차이유통계학의의（P＜0．05）。결론저하빈곤지구생태이민중점전염병예방지식결핍，불동민족이민전염병지식존재차이，응가대빈곤농촌지구예방중점전염병적건강교육공작력도，강화기능배훈，제고건강교육공작적침대성。
Objective To investigate the status of the knowledge and behavior related to major infectious diseases prevention a?mong ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia. Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to select the subjects. Survey was con?ducted designed by the team of the project, and the major infectious diseases-related behaviors were also observed among 16~60 years ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia. Results A total of 300 people were included in the study. The awareness rates of knowl?edge about hepatitis B, tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery prevention were higher among Han farmers than Hui farmers (12. 3% vs. 22. 2%, 5. 7% vs. 7. 4% and 9. 8% vs. 14. 8%). Different ethnic ecological migration routes of transmission of hepatitis B awareness difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Regarding major infectious diseases-related behaviors such as washing hands before using the bathroom was reported in a higher rate of 68. 5%. The rest of behavior was generally low. Dissharing toothbrushes, razors was the lowest rate of 9. 2%;The five kinds of behavior were more often practiced by Hui ecological migration than Han ecological migration, except the Dissharing toothbrushes, razors and spitting into cuspidor. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). As for read?ing, the average score of Hui ecological migration behavior was (5. 76 ± 2. 38) lower than the average score of ecological migration of Han (4. 66 ± 2. 89), the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Lack of knowledge and behaviors about major infectious diseases prevention is obvious in the ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia and national difference can be found in these knowledge and skills. Health education of major infectious diseases prevention should be strengthened in rural poverty areas, with skill training facilitating behavior changes emphasized and pertinence enhanced.
