华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）
華中科技大學學報（社會科學版）
화중과기대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)
2015年
1期
60-69
,共10页
义(義)%正义( dike)%公平%情理%民主制
義(義)%正義( dike)%公平%情理%民主製
의(의)%정의( dike)%공평%정리%민주제
justice ( Yi,義)%justice ( dike)%fairness%moral sentiment%democracy
中国传统正义观除了昙花一现的墨家外，主要是儒家对“义”（義）的宣扬和阐释，它相对于“仁”更偏重外在的制度设计，但其根源在于内心情感上的“合宜”，是立足于自然亲情之上的天经地义的等级关系（礼）。与此相对照，古希腊的“正义”（ dike）的特点，一是强调公平或一视同仁；二是强调对不公平的惩罚，不徇私情；三是在人间正义和神的正义之间拉开了无限的距离，使人间正义带上了神圣性，并承认从神圣正义的高度可以对人间正义的不足进行批判或纠正；四是由理性所建立起来的正义原则的普遍性和可操作性，“理治”是古希腊民主制的基本原则。正是这些特点为西方现代民主制提供了最原始的基因，同时也体现了与中国传统的“义”的思想的根本区别。
中國傳統正義觀除瞭曇花一現的墨傢外，主要是儒傢對“義”（義）的宣颺和闡釋，它相對于“仁”更偏重外在的製度設計，但其根源在于內心情感上的“閤宜”，是立足于自然親情之上的天經地義的等級關繫（禮）。與此相對照，古希臘的“正義”（ dike）的特點，一是彊調公平或一視同仁；二是彊調對不公平的懲罰，不徇私情；三是在人間正義和神的正義之間拉開瞭無限的距離，使人間正義帶上瞭神聖性，併承認從神聖正義的高度可以對人間正義的不足進行批判或糾正；四是由理性所建立起來的正義原則的普遍性和可操作性，“理治”是古希臘民主製的基本原則。正是這些特點為西方現代民主製提供瞭最原始的基因，同時也體現瞭與中國傳統的“義”的思想的根本區彆。
중국전통정의관제료담화일현적묵가외，주요시유가대“의”（의）적선양화천석，타상대우“인”경편중외재적제도설계，단기근원재우내심정감상적“합의”，시립족우자연친정지상적천경지의적등급관계（례）。여차상대조，고희석적“정의”（ dike）적특점，일시강조공평혹일시동인；이시강조대불공평적징벌，불순사정；삼시재인간정의화신적정의지간랍개료무한적거리，사인간정의대상료신골성，병승인종신골정의적고도가이대인간정의적불족진행비판혹규정；사시유이성소건립기래적정의원칙적보편성화가조작성，“리치”시고희석민주제적기본원칙。정시저사특점위서방현대민주제제공료최원시적기인，동시야체현료여중국전통적“의”적사상적근본구별。
Besides the short-lived Mohist view, the Confucian advocation and explanation constitute the main stream of the traditional Chinese concept of justice ( Yi, 義). Even though the Confucianist theory of justice, in contrast to benevolence (Ren,仁), stresses on external social systems, it still originates from some specific moral sentiments and is equivalent to the so-called perfectly justified hierarchical relationship ( politi-cal ritual,礼) grounded on natural filial affections.On the contrary, the characteristics of justice (dike) of ancient Greece are as follows.The first, it emphasizes fairness (isos) or equal treatment to everyone.Second, it pays much attention to punishing the unjust behaviors without exception. Thirdly, the significant distinction between the worldly and the divine justice, which is profoundly illustrated by ancient Greeks, not only displays the sacred aspect of the former justice, but also makes it possible to criticize it from the perspective of the later one.At last, the very fact that the Greek principle of justice is based on reason ensures its universality and op -erability and signifies that “rule of reason” constructs the keystone of democracy in ancient Greece. The above characteristics provide the original genes for western democracy in modern ages and showcase the profound differences between the concepts of justice in traditional Chinese and Western thoughts as well.
