CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解甘肃省甘南藏族自治州(简称甘南州)包虫病流行现状,掌握人群、家畜和终宿主犬的患病情况,评价预防控制措施效果.方法 ①人群调查:2012年,根据《甘肃省包虫病流行情况调查项目技术方案》要求,在甘南州各个县(市),以行政村为单位,按牧区、半农半牧区、农区和城镇进行分层整群抽样,按各层人口数占全县(市)人口数的比例确定调查人数和调查村数,每个县(市)共抽取16个村,每村抽取200人(人数不足时从邻近村补足),通过B超法检测肝脏开展普查.②儿童血清调查:每个县(市)按牧区、半农牧区、农区和城镇分层,各抽取1所小学,以12岁以下儿童作为观察对象,采用B超法检查肝脏,并采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测儿童血清棘球蚴抗体.③传染源监测:在人群调查选中的村,每村抽取20个养犬户,采集犬粪,应用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测犬棘球绦虫抗原.④中间宿主监测:每个县(市)选取1 000只羊(或500头牛),解剖法检测包虫病.⑤健康教育调查:对居民进行包虫病防治知识的健康教育,并在教育前后以问卷调查形式进行包虫病防治知识和行为知晓情况调查.结果包虫病人群检出率为0.10％(29/28 960),牧民检出率为0.13％(17/13 015),农民检出率为0.06％(8/12 780),12岁以下儿童感染率为2.64％(336/12 728),犬的感染率为3.90％(117/3 001),家畜感染率为1.72％(121/7027),其中牛、羊感染率分别为2.41％(38/1 574)和1.52％(83/5453);通过健康教育,农牧民群众包虫病防治知识知晓率由40％(720/1 800)上升到70％(1 260/1 800).结论甘南州包虫病流行范围较广,患病人群以牧民为主,农民次之,包虫病流行因素与犬接触和生活陋习密切相关;农牧民群众对包虫病防治知识知晓低,包虫病防治知识缺乏,不良的生产、生活方式在短期内难以改变,需进一步加大防治措施.
목적 료해감숙성감남장족자치주(간칭감남주)포충병류행현상,장악인군、가축화종숙주견적환병정황,평개예방공제조시효과.방법 ①인군조사:2012년,근거《감숙성포충병류행정황조사항목기술방안》요구,재감남주각개현(시),이행정촌위단위,안목구、반농반목구、농구화성진진행분층정군추양,안각층인구수점전현(시)인구수적비례학정조사인수화조사촌수,매개현(시)공추취16개촌,매촌추취200인(인수불족시종린근촌보족),통과B초법검측간장개전보사.②인동혈청조사:매개현(시)안목구、반농목구、농구화성진분층,각추취1소소학,이12세이하인동작위관찰대상,채용B초법검사간장,병채용매련면역흡부시험(ELISA)검측인동혈청극구유항체.③전염원감측:재인군조사선중적촌,매촌추취20개양견호,채집견분,응용쌍항체협심ELISA법검측견극구조충항원.④중간숙주감측:매개현(시)선취1 000지양(혹500두우),해부법검측포충병.⑤건강교육조사:대거민진행포충병방치지식적건강교육,병재교육전후이문권조사형식진행포충병방치지식화행위지효정황조사.결과 포충병인군검출솔위0.10％(29/28 960),목민검출솔위0.13％(17/13 015),농민검출솔위0.06％(8/12 780),12세이하인동감염솔위2.64％(336/12 728),견적감염솔위3.90％(117/3 001),가축감염솔위1.72％(121/7027),기중우、양감염솔분별위2.41％(38/1 574)화1.52％(83/5453);통과건강교육,농목민군음포충병방치지식지효솔유40％(720/1 800)상승도70％(1 260/1 800).결론 감남주포충병류행범위교엄,환병인군이목민위주,농민차지,포충병류행인소여견접촉화생활루습밀절상관;농목민군음대포충병방치지식지효저,포충병방치지식결핍,불량적생산、생활방식재단기내난이개변,수진일보가대방치조시.
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of hydatid disease in Gansu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(Gannan state) Gannan Province,and prevalence of the disease in population,livestock and final host dogs,and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.Methods In 2012:①An investigation was carried out according to the requirements of "Technical Solutions of Hydatid Disease Prevalence,Gansu Province"; in every county(city) of Gannan Prefecture,administrative villages were selected as survey units,by stratified cluster sampling based on the semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns.According to the proportion of the population of each layer to the population of each county,the number of people and the number of villages to be surveyed were determined.Sixteen villages were selected,and 200 people were selected in each village(from a neighboring village to make up the insufficient number in case of need),and B ultrasound method was used to carry out the census.②Children serum survey:stratification was done according to pastoral areas,semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns population in each county(city),1 primary school was selected,children less than 12 years old were examined by B Ultrasound,and serum antibodies of Echinococcus granulosus were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).③ Surveillance of source of infection:in the selected villages,20 kennel households were selected in each village,dog feces was collected,and canine Echinococcus antigen was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.④)Monitoring of intermediate host:1 000 sheep (or 500 cattle) were selected in each county(city),and hydatid disease was examined by anatomical method.⑤Investigation of health education was done in the form of a questionnaire survey of hydatid disease prevention knowledge and behavior survey on the awareness rate.Results The prevalence rate of population was 0.10％ (29/28 960); prevalence rate of herdsmen was 0.13％ (17/13 015); farmers prevalence rate was 0.06％(8/12 780); in children under 12 years of age,the infection rate was 2.64％ (336/12 728) ; dog infection rate were 3.90％ (117/3 001) ; livestock infection rate was 1.72％ (121/7 027); and the infection rates of cattle and sheep were 2.41％(38/1 574) and 1.52％(83/5 453),respectively.The rate increased from 40％(720/1 800) to 70％(1 260/1 800) of hydatid disease prevention knowledge awareness in farmers and herdsmen after health education.Conclusions The scope of hydatid disease in Gannan Prefecture is broad; the patient population mainly is herdsmen,and farmer is second.Epidemic factors include contact canine and vices; the farmers and herdsmen have low awareness of hydatid disease prevention knowledge.Poor production and lifestyle are difficult to change in the short term,we need to further strengthen the prevention measures.