CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解山东省地方性氟中毒的病情现状.方法按照国家《饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案(试行)》和《山东省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案(试行)》的要求,在山东省选择10个县(市、区),每个县(市、区)抽取10个改水工程,调查改水工程运行效果,每个工程采集末梢水水样1份,检测水氟含量;每个县(市、区)选择3个病区村作为固定监测村,在已改水村,采集末梢水水样1份;在未改水村,按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位各采集水样1份,检测水氟含量;对监测村的全部8～12岁学生进行氟斑牙检查.水氟检测采用氟离子选择电极法;氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法.结果 ①在10个县(市、区)中,共监测改水工程85个,均正常运转;水氟合格工程47个,合格率为55.29％,水氟最大值为4.74 mg/L.②30个固定监测村中,已改水村27个,水氟合格村19个,合格率为70.37％,水氟最大值为4.77 mg/L;未改水村3个,其中水氟≤1.20 mg/L的村有2个,＞1.20mg/L的村1个,水氟最大值为1.55 mg/L.③在19个改水工程运转正常且水氟含量合格的监测村中,儿童氟斑牙检出率为52.37％(508/970),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为6.39％(62/970),氟斑牙指数为1.02;在8个改水工程运转正常而水氟含量超标的监测村中,儿童氟斑牙检出率为62.39％(297/476),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为8.82％(42/476),氟斑牙指数为1.67;在3个未改水村中,儿童氟斑牙检出率为49.45％(90/182),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为7.14％(13/182),氟斑牙指数为1.25.结论山东省改水降氟工程的水氟超标严重,改水工程的水质质量还需改善;有效改水对控制病区氟斑牙病情起到了一定的作用,但儿童氟斑牙病情仍较严重,需进一步加大防控力度.
목적 료해산동성지방성불중독적병정현상.방법 안조국가《음수형지방성불중독감측방안(시행)》화《산동성음수형지방성불중독감측방안(시행)》적요구,재산동성선택10개현(시、구),매개현(시、구)추취10개개수공정,조사개수공정운행효과,매개공정채집말소수수양1빈,검측수불함량;매개현(시、구)선택3개병구촌작위고정감측촌,재이개수촌,채집말소수수양1빈;재미개수촌,안조동、서、남、북、중5개방위각채집수양1빈,검측수불함량;대감측촌적전부8～12세학생진행불반아검사.수불검측채용불리자선택전겁법;불반아진단채용Dean법.결과 ①재10개현(시、구)중,공감측개수공정85개,균정상운전;수불합격공정47개,합격솔위55.29％,수불최대치위4.74 mg/L.②30개고정감측촌중,이개수촌27개,수불합격촌19개,합격솔위70.37％,수불최대치위4.77 mg/L;미개수촌3개,기중수불≤1.20 mg/L적촌유2개,＞1.20mg/L적촌1개,수불최대치위1.55 mg/L.③재19개개수공정운전정상차수불함량합격적감측촌중,인동불반아검출솔위52.37％(508/970),결손형불반아검출솔위6.39％(62/970),불반아지수위1.02;재8개개수공정운전정상이수불함량초표적감측촌중,인동불반아검출솔위62.39％(297/476),결손형불반아검출솔위8.82％(42/476),불반아지수위1.67;재3개미개수촌중,인동불반아검출솔위49.45％(90/182),결손형불반아검출솔위7.14％(13/182),불반아지수위1.25.결론 산동성개수강불공정적수불초표엄중,개수공정적수질질량환수개선;유효개수대공제병구불반아병정기도료일정적작용,단인동불반아병정잉교엄중,수진일보가대방공력도.
Objective To understand the status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the "National Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Type Endemic Fluorosis (Trial)" and "Shandong Provincial Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Type Endemic Fluorosis (Trial)",ten counties (cities,districts) were chosen in the province,and ten water-improvement projects were selected in each county (city,district).The operating effect of water-improvement projects was investigated; one peripheral water sample of each project was collected,and water fluoride content was tested.Three epidemic villages were chosen as fixed monitoring villages in each county (city,district).In the villages that had changed water source,one peripheral water sample was collected; in unchanged water source villages,one water sample was collected following five different directions of the east,the west,the south,the north and the center of the water source location; and the water fluoride content was tested.All students aged 8 to 12 were checked for dental fluorosis in the monitoring villages.The fluoride content in drinking water was detected by fluoride ion selective electrode method,and dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Dean's method.Results ① In the 10 counties (cities,districts),a total of 85 water-improving projects were monitored,and all the projects were in normal operation; the water fluoride contents of 47 projects were qualified,and the qualified rate of water fluoride content was 55.29％(47/85),with the maximum of water fluoride content was 4.74 mg/L.② In the 30 fixed monitoring villages,27 monitored villages had water-improving projects; water fluoride contents of 19 villages were qualified,the qualified rate of water fluoride content was 70.37％ (19/27),with the maximum of water fluoride content was 4.77 mg/L.In the 3 monitored villages without water-improving projects,villages of mean water fluoride contents ≤ 1.20 mg/L and ＞ 1.20 mg/L were two and one,respectively,with the maximum of water fluoride content was 1.55 mg/L.③ In the 19 monitored villages with water-improving projects that in normal operating condition with qualified water fluoride content,the detected rates of dental fluorosis and the defect type of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years old were 52.37％(508/970) and 6.39％(62/970),respectively,and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.02.In the 8 monitored villages with water-improving projects that in normal operating condition with water fluoride content that exceeded the national standard,the detected rates of dental fluorosis and the defect type of dental fluorosis were 62.39％ (297/476) and 8.82％ (42/476),respectively,and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.67.In the 3 monitored villages without water-improving projects,the detected rates of dental fluorosis and the defect type of dental fluorosis were 49.45％ (90/182) and 7.14％ (13/182),respectively,and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.25.Conclusions In Shandong Province,the water fluoride content of water-improving defluoridation projects exceeds the national standard seriously,and water quality of the projects still need to be further improved.The projects of water-improving defluoridation play a certain role in control of dental fluorosis condition,but the condition of children' s dental fluorosis is still very serious.So preventive and control measures for endemic fluorosis should be further strengthened.