中华流行病学杂志
中華流行病學雜誌
중화류행병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
2015年
1期
20-26
,共7页
张金良%王淑兰%黄万玉%田兆兴%王芬芬%吴虎兵%邹天森%魏永杰%柴发合
張金良%王淑蘭%黃萬玉%田兆興%王芬芬%吳虎兵%鄒天森%魏永傑%柴髮閤
장금량%왕숙란%황만옥%전조흥%왕분분%오호병%추천삼%위영걸%시발합
空气污染%灰霾事件%儿科门诊量和急诊量%浓度反应关系
空氣汙染%灰霾事件%兒科門診量和急診量%濃度反應關繫
공기오염%회매사건%인과문진량화급진량%농도반응관계
Air pollution%Haze episode%Outpatient and emergency pediatrics%Concentration-response function
目的 分析北京市自2013年1月灰霾期间儿科门诊和急诊量情况,探讨就诊量增加是否与空气污染相关.方法 患儿就诊数据来自北京市海淀区某大型综合性医院,空气污染数据来自中国环境科学研究院,气象数据来自天气网.将灰霾期间每日儿科门/急诊量与上一年度同期比较,计算每日儿科门/急诊量的增加百分比.采用广义相加模型确定浓度反应关系曲线特征,以多种结构断裂点测试方法确定曲线拐点,危险度估计采用分段线性模型.结果 北京地区灰霾期间,氮氧化合物(NOx)、二氧化硫(SO2)、PM25和PM10分别最高达672.63 μg/m3、146.20 μg/m3、312.19 μg/m3和995.00 μg/m3,高峰日集中于2012年12月28日和2013年1月10日.同日儿科就诊量出现高峰,2012年12月28日和2013年1月10日分别增加了47.75％和34.14％.4种污染物中低浓度,均与儿科门诊量相关,浓度反应关系呈“C”形和“S”形;其中PM10和SO2高浓度与儿科急诊量相关,浓度反应关系呈“J”形.结论 北京地区灰霾期间空气污染与儿科就诊量增加相关.儿科病例中存在不同易感人群,“C”、“S”、“J”形相关人群易感性依次降低.
目的 分析北京市自2013年1月灰霾期間兒科門診和急診量情況,探討就診量增加是否與空氣汙染相關.方法 患兒就診數據來自北京市海澱區某大型綜閤性醫院,空氣汙染數據來自中國環境科學研究院,氣象數據來自天氣網.將灰霾期間每日兒科門/急診量與上一年度同期比較,計算每日兒科門/急診量的增加百分比.採用廣義相加模型確定濃度反應關繫麯線特徵,以多種結構斷裂點測試方法確定麯線枴點,危險度估計採用分段線性模型.結果 北京地區灰霾期間,氮氧化閤物(NOx)、二氧化硫(SO2)、PM25和PM10分彆最高達672.63 μg/m3、146.20 μg/m3、312.19 μg/m3和995.00 μg/m3,高峰日集中于2012年12月28日和2013年1月10日.同日兒科就診量齣現高峰,2012年12月28日和2013年1月10日分彆增加瞭47.75％和34.14％.4種汙染物中低濃度,均與兒科門診量相關,濃度反應關繫呈“C”形和“S”形;其中PM10和SO2高濃度與兒科急診量相關,濃度反應關繫呈“J”形.結論 北京地區灰霾期間空氣汙染與兒科就診量增加相關.兒科病例中存在不同易感人群,“C”、“S”、“J”形相關人群易感性依次降低.
목적 분석북경시자2013년1월회매기간인과문진화급진량정황,탐토취진량증가시부여공기오염상관.방법 환인취진수거래자북경시해정구모대형종합성의원,공기오염수거래자중국배경과학연구원,기상수거래자천기망.장회매기간매일인과문/급진량여상일년도동기비교,계산매일인과문/급진량적증가백분비.채용엄의상가모형학정농도반응관계곡선특정,이다충결구단렬점측시방법학정곡선괴점,위험도고계채용분단선성모형.결과 북경지구회매기간,담양화합물(NOx)、이양화류(SO2)、PM25화PM10분별최고체672.63 μg/m3、146.20 μg/m3、312.19 μg/m3화995.00 μg/m3,고봉일집중우2012년12월28일화2013년1월10일.동일인과취진량출현고봉,2012년12월28일화2013년1월10일분별증가료47.75％화34.14％.4충오염물중저농도,균여인과문진량상관,농도반응관계정“C”형화“S”형;기중PM10화SO2고농도여인과급진량상관,농도반응관계정“J”형.결론 북경지구회매기간공기오염여인과취진량증가상관.인과병례중존재불동역감인군,“C”、“S”、“J”형상관인군역감성의차강저.
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of air pollution on the number of pediatric outpatient and emergency room visits in January 2013.Methods Healthrelated data was from a major hospital in Haidian,Beijing while related data on air pollution was from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.Data on weather was from the China Weather Website.Number of hospital outpatient visits per day during the haze period was compared to those from the previous year to get the increase of percentage.Concentration-response functions were estimated using generalized additive modeling with natural log link function,while multiple structural change test was used to determine the changing point in CRFs.Constrained piecewise linear function was used to estimate the risks for different segments of CRFs.Results The peak of NOx,SO2,PM2.5 and PM10 reached 672.63 μg/m3,146.20 μg/m3,312.19 μg/m3 and 995.00 μg/m3,around 28 December 2012 and 10 January 2013.The peaks of visits to the pediatric department were observed at the some days,showing 47.75％ and 34.14％ of increase in the visits to the pediatric department.In the low or intermediate ranges of concentration,all the four air pollutants were significantly associated with pediatric outpatient visits,in the form of C-and S-shape of concentration-response function.However,in the range of high concentration,only PM10 and SO2 were significantly associated with the number of visits to the pediatric emergency room,appeared as the J-shape form.Discemable thresholds were found in S-and J-shapes which were located at 200 μg/m3,20 μg/m3,40 μg/m3 and 100 μg/m3 for NOx,SO2,PM2.5 and PM10,respectively.Conclusion Air pollution during the haze period was associated with the increase of pediatric outpatient and emergency room visits.There were different sensitive groups within the pediatric cases.Their susceptibility showed a decreasing trend from C-,S-,to J-shape related group.
