CAJ | 학술논문

目的通过对护航直升机飞行人员不同驻舰阶段体能指标检测,研制驻舰体能训练方案,并对方案的干预效果进行分析与评价.方法以58名不同批次的护航直升机飞行人员为研究对象,分别在体能训练干预前后的不同驻舰阶段,检测其左右手握力、腰腹部力量、运动负荷心率、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、脂肪率、体质量变化幅度等指标,通过与自身及平行对照比较,对其长期驻舰体能变化及训练干预效果进行探讨.结果体能训练干预前,飞行人员驻舰48 d时双侧握力均下降25％[左侧(28.60±5.67) kg,右侧(33.55 ±6.82) kg],71 d时维持于较低水平[左侧(28.88±4.68) kg,右侧(32.45 ±5.55) kg],至92 d时继续出现约5％～7％的下降[左侧(26.57 ±6.74) kg,右侧(31.63 ±6.00) kg],与驻舰前[左侧(39.94 ±5.76) kg,右侧(43.04±4.75) kg]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),总体下降幅度达33％.归建后,俯卧撑、仰卧起坐指标[(19.15±3.75)、(19.0±6.6)个/min]明显降低,与驻舰前[(24.65±3.30)、(23.8±5.9)个/min]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),体质量、BMI变化幅度[(3.30±3.01) kg、(1.08 ±0.99) kg/m2)]均较岸基对照组[(0.55±0.55)kg、(0.14 ±0.16) kg/m2]明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).体能训练干预后,飞行人员驻舰48 d时双侧握力仅下降5％～7％[(左侧(38.56 ±6.06) kg,右侧(42.28 ±6.50) kg],此后则慢慢呈上升趋势,直至92 d双侧握力与驻舰前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).驻舰前后腰腹部力量、PWC170、BMI、脂肪率指标与岸基对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论驻舰体能训练方案对改善飞行人员长远航期间的体能下降具有显著作用.由于飞行人员驻舰后体能下降的明显转折期在首月末,因此体能训练干预应于驻舰后立即开展,最晚不迟于第1个月为宜.
목적 통과대호항직승궤비행인원불동주함계단체능지표검측,연제주함체능훈련방안,병대방안적간예효과진행분석여평개.방법 이58명불동비차적호항직승궤비행인원위연구대상,분별재체능훈련간예전후적불동주함계단,검측기좌우수악력、요복부역량、운동부하심솔、체질량지수(body mass index,BMI)、지방솔、체질량변화폭도등지표,통과여자신급평행대조비교,대기장기주함체능변화급훈련간예효과진행탐토.결과 체능훈련간예전,비행인원주함48 d시쌍측악력균하강25％[좌측(28.60±5.67) kg,우측(33.55 ±6.82) kg],71 d시유지우교저수평[좌측(28.88±4.68) kg,우측(32.45 ±5.55) kg],지92 d시계속출현약5％～7％적하강[좌측(26.57 ±6.74) kg,우측(31.63 ±6.00) kg],여주함전[좌측(39.94 ±5.76) kg,우측(43.04±4.75) kg]비교차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05),총체하강폭도체33％.귀건후,부와탱、앙와기좌지표[(19.15±3.75)、(19.0±6.6)개/min]명현강저,여주함전[(24.65±3.30)、(23.8±5.9)개/min]비교차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05),체질량、BMI변화폭도[(3.30±3.01) kg、(1.08 ±0.99) kg/m2)]균교안기대조조[(0.55±0.55)kg、(0.14 ±0.16) kg/m2]명현증대,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).체능훈련간예후,비행인원주함48 d시쌍측악력부하강5％～7％[(좌측(38.56 ±6.06) kg,우측(42.28 ±6.50) kg],차후칙만만정상승추세,직지92 d쌍측악력여주함전차이무통계학의의(P＞0.05).주함전후요복부역량、PWC170、BMI、지방솔지표여안기대조조비교차이균무통계학의의(P＞0.05).결론 주함체능훈련방안대개선비행인원장원항기간적체능하강구유현저작용.유우비행인원주함후체능하강적명현전절기재수월말,인차체능훈련간예응우주함후립즉개전,최만불지우제1개월위의.
Objective To investigate the change features in the physical performance of helicopter aviators who stayed onboard for a prolonged time,to develop schemes of physical performance training directed at shipboard helicopter aviators and finally to analyze and assess the effects of the intervention schemes,through detection of physical performance parameters of the aviators at different stages of deployment.Methods Fiftyeight helicopter aviators from different batches of escort personnel in the Gulf of Aden were selected as our research subjects.Bilateral gripping power,lumboabdominal muscle strength,PWC170,amplitude of variations in body mass index (BMI),fat percentage and weight were measured or tested at different stages of deployment both before and after physical performance training.Changes in physical performance induced by prolonged stay onboard the ship and the effects of training intervention were discussed in detail,through comparisons of self control and parallel control between groups.Results Before enforcement of physical performance training intervention,bilateral gripping power of the aviators detected at d 48 all decreased by 25％ (left:28.6 ± 5.67 ;right:33.55 ± 6.82),then kept at a relatively lower level till day 71 (left:28.88 ± 4.68; right:32.45 ± 5.55).This trend of decrease by about 5-7％ continued all the way till day 92 (left:26.57 ± 6.74,fight:31.63±6.00).Statistical significance could be noted,when the decreased levels were compared with those before they deployed onboard ships (left:39.94 ± 5.76 ; right:43.04 ± 4.75) (P ＜ 0.05).In total,the decrease in physical performance was as high as 33％.When they returned to their organic units,scores of push-ups and sit-ups were obviously decreased (19.15 ± 3.75,19.0 ± 6.6),and statistical significance could be found,when they were compared with those before deployment (24.65 ± 3.3,23.8 ± 5.9) (P ＜ 0.05).Amplitude of variations in body mass and BMI for the shipboard aviators (3.30 ± 3.01,1.08 ± 0.99) was obviously higher,when it was compared with those of the onshore control group(0.55 ±0.55,0.14 ±0.16) (P＜0.01).Following physical performance training intervention,bilateral gripping power at d 48 (left:38.56 ± 6.06,right:42.28 ± 6.50)were decreased by only 5 ～ 7％,then displayed a slow ascending trend.At day 92,no statistical significance could be seen in physical performance (left:42.28 ± 6.50; right:45.44 ± 4.96),when compared with those before they stayed onboard (P ＞ 0.05).When they were compared with those of the onshore control group,no statistical differences could be noted in the indices of lumboabdominal muscle strength,PWC170,BMI and fat percentage for the shipboard aviators both before and after deployment(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The physical performance training scheme could produce good effects on the reduction of physical performance in shipboard aviators,during their prolonged deployment at sea.Due to the fact that significant decrease in physical performance occurred at the end of the first month deployment,physical performance training intervention should be started immediately after they came onboard,not later than one month.