CAJ | 학술논문

目的掌握陕西省燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒病区病情变化、防砷炉灶使用和相关行为形成情况,评价防治效果,为制订防治策略提供依据.方法 2010-2014年,按照《陕西省燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒监测方案(试行)》的要求,在陕西省安康、汉中市的2个县4个自然村,每自然村抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为形成情况;抽取5户家庭,采集煤样测定砷含量;按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》(WS/T 211-2001),对监测村内高砷暴露人群进行砷中毒病情调查;抽取30名砷中毒患者,采集尿样检测尿砷含量.结果改良炉和改良灶的合格率和正确使用率均较低(＜90％).共采煤样100份,砷含量范围为12.295～ 455.827mg/kg,均值为(91.819±80.989)mg/kg,玉米、辣椒食用前的淘洗率均为100％(198/198,200/200),玉米、辣椒的正确干燥率和保管率均在95％以上;4个村共调查17 855人,检出砷中毒患者1 232例,检出率为6.90％(1 232/17 855),尿砷含量范围为未检出～ 0.287 mg/L,几何均值为0.033 mg/L.结论陕西省燃煤型砷中毒呈流行态势,防砷炉具灶炉损坏现象较多,正确使用率较低.加强病情监测、健康教育和防砷炉具的后期管理工作是今后防治燃煤型地方性砷中毒的关键.
목적 장악합서성연매오염형지방성신중독병구병정변화、방신로조사용화상관행위형성정황,평개방치효과,위제정방치책략제공의거.방법 2010-2014년,안조《합서성연매오염형지방성신중독감측방안(시행)》적요구,재합서성안강、한중시적2개현4개자연촌,매자연촌추취10호가정,조사로조사용급상관행위형성정황;추취5호가정,채집매양측정신함량;안조《지방성신중독진단표준》(WS/T 211-2001),대감측촌내고신폭로인군진행신중독병정조사;추취30명신중독환자,채집뇨양검측뇨신함량.결과 개량로화개량조적합격솔화정학사용솔균교저(＜90％).공채매양100빈,신함량범위위12.295～ 455.827mg/kg,균치위(91.819±80.989)mg/kg,옥미、랄초식용전적도세솔균위100％(198/198,200/200),옥미、랄초적정학간조솔화보관솔균재95％이상;4개촌공조사17 855인,검출신중독환자1 232례,검출솔위6.90％(1 232/17 855),뇨신함량범위위미검출～ 0.287 mg/L,궤하균치위0.033 mg/L.결론 합서성연매형신중독정류행태세,방신로구조로손배현상교다,정학사용솔교저.가강병정감측、건강교육화방신로구적후기관리공작시금후방치연매형지방성신중독적관건.
Objective To investigate the current situation of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism in the disease affected areas,the usage of anti-arsenism stove and the formation of related behavior;,to evaluate the control effect,so as to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods Surveillances were carried out according to the provisions and requirements of "The Surveillance Project for Shaanxi Institute Coal-Burning-Borne Endemic Arsenicosis (Trial.)".Four villages in two counties of Ankang city and Hanzhong city in Shaanxi Province were monitored in 2010-2014.Using simple random sampling method,10 families in each village were randomly selected to survey the situation of the stove used and related behavior changes.Five households in each village were randomly selected; arsenic level in coal was determined; high arsenic exposed population was investigated according to "Endemic Arsenism Diagnostic Criteria" (WS/T 211-2001).Urine samples of 30 patients with arsenism were randomly selected to determine the arsenic content.Results The proper utilization rate and the qualified households of improved stoves and iron stoves were all low; the correct drying rate and the correct storage rate of peppers and corns were higher than 95％.The washing rate of corns and peppers before eating were all 100％.A total of 100 copies of coal samples were tested and the arsenism content was between 12.295-455.827 mg/kg,and the geometric mean value of the arsenism content was (91.819 ± 80.989)mg/kg.Seventeen thousand eight hundred and fifty-five individuals were investigated and 1 232 cases of arsenism were diagnosed in the 4 villages; the prevalence rate was 6.90％ (1 232/17 855); urinary arsenism content was between not detected-0.287 mg/L; and the geometric mean value of the arsenic content was 0.033 mg/L.Conclusions The coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism in Shaanxi is in a prevalent state; many anti-arsenism stoves are out of order; and the proper utilization rate is low.To strengthen the disease surveillance,health education and management of anti-arsenism stoves are key measures in control of coal-burning borne endemic arsenism in the future.