CAJ | 학술논문

活断层工程避让在本质上属于工程抗断问题，其目的是减少活断层未来发生地表破裂时对建筑物的破坏。不是所有活断层都能产生地表破裂，只有地震活断层才是工程避让的对象。各种研究方法确定的活断层工程避让安全距离，是否适用于某一具体的活断层，尚需对活断层本身开展相关研究。本文基于活断层研究的基本方法，分别以贺兰山东麓断裂和银川隐伏断裂为例，通过对活断层构造活动历史的分析，以活断层的“过去”预测“未来”，为裸露和隐伏活断层的工程避让提供依据。对裸露活断层而言，采用地震地质填图、槽探、断层陡坎地貌调查的方法，鉴定其是否为地震活断层，古地震和断层陡坎地貌的原地复发特征是确定工程避让位置的依据，探槽剖面断层带宽度及断层陡坎宽度可作为避让距离的参考。对隐伏活动断裂而言，首先应通过多种手段进行断层定位，槽探和钻探是鉴定地震活断层并进行构造活动历史分析的基础。古地震事件的原地复发、以及钻探剖面不同深度不同沉积时期的地层界线的断距变化是分析未来地表破裂位置的主要依据，已有断层面在地表延伸的位置是下次地震地表破裂发生的位置，是工程避让的参照。通过分析，认为前人统计的15m 避让距离适用于贺兰山东麓断裂和银川隐伏断裂，银川隐伏断裂考虑最大定位误差后的避让距离为40m。
활단층공정피양재본질상속우공정항단문제，기목적시감소활단층미래발생지표파렬시대건축물적파배。불시소유활단층도능산생지표파렬，지유지진활단층재시공정피양적대상。각충연구방법학정적활단층공정피양안전거리，시부괄용우모일구체적활단층，상수대활단층본신개전상관연구。본문기우활단층연구적기본방법，분별이하란산동록단렬화은천은복단렬위례，통과대활단층구조활동역사적분석，이활단층적“과거”예측“미래”，위라로화은복활단층적공정피양제공의거。대라로활단층이언，채용지진지질전도、조탐、단층두감지모조사적방법，감정기시부위지진활단층，고지진화단층두감지모적원지복발특정시학정공정피양위치적의거，탐조부면단층대관도급단층두감관도가작위피양거리적삼고。대은복활동단렬이언，수선응통과다충수단진행단층정위，조탐화찬탐시감정지진활단층병진행구조활동역사분석적기출。고지진사건적원지복발、이급찬탐부면불동심도불동침적시기적지층계선적단거변화시분석미래지표파렬위치적주요의거，이유단층면재지표연신적위치시하차지진지표파렬발생적위치，시공정피양적삼조。통과분석，인위전인통계적15m 피양거리괄용우하란산동록단렬화은천은복단렬，은천은복단렬고필최대정위오차후적피양거리위40m。
In essence,how much the engineering safety distance to active fault belongs the fracture-resistance problem.Aim is to reduce damage to the building due to occurrence of the active fault rupture in the future.Not all active faults can produce surface rupture.The seismo-active fault is the object of engineering avoidance. Researchers suggest many engineering distances to active fault using different methods.Whether these distances are suitable for a particular active fault still needs to conduct specialized research about this active fault.This paper respectively uses Helan Mountain piedmont fault and Yinchuan buried fault for an example.It studies the tectonic history of the active faults using the basic research method for active faults.It uses the past to predict the future of the active fault.The results of this study provide the basis for the active fault avoidance.To the exposed active fault, the first work is to identify whether it is a seismo-active fault using geological mapping,trenching.Then it is to determine the location of the engineering active fault avoidance according to recurrence characteristics of paleoearthquake events and fault scarp landscape in situ.The width of the fault zone in trench and the width of fault scarps can be used as a reference engineering safe distance from the active fault.For buried active faults,the location of the fault should first be positioned through various means.The results of trenching and drilling are to identify capable active faults and to analyze the tectonic activity history of the fault.The situ recurrence characteristics of the paleoearthquake events and the fault throw changes of different sedimentary strata at different depths in drilling profiles can be used to predict the future location of surface rupture.Location of the fault plane extended at the surface can be the occurrence location of the next earthquake surface rupture.It is the reference point to engineering safe distance.Through analysis,the distance of 15m that was given by previous researchers from statistics can be applied to Helan Mountain piedmont fault and Yinchuan buried fault.The engineering safety distance to Yinchuan buried active fault is 40m if the maximum positioning error is taken into account.