干旱气象
榦旱氣象
간한기상
GANSU METEOROLOGY
2015年
1期
52-58
,共7页
张凯%王润元%王鹤龄%赵鸿%阳伏林%赵福年%雷俊
張凱%王潤元%王鶴齡%趙鴻%暘伏林%趙福年%雷俊
장개%왕윤원%왕학령%조홍%양복림%조복년%뢰준
模拟增温%水势%土壤含水量%土壤贮水消耗量%半干旱区
模擬增溫%水勢%土壤含水量%土壤貯水消耗量%半榦旱區
모의증온%수세%토양함수량%토양저수소모량%반간한구
simulated warming%water potential%soil moisture content%soil water consumption amount%semi-arid area
采用红外线辐射器增温法,通过增温模拟试验研究了增温对半干旱区春小麦田间水分特征的影响。结果表明,随着温度增加,叶片水势不断降低,增温1.0℃和2.0℃的春小麦叶片水势比没有增温的春小麦叶片水势日平均分别降低了2.61%和4.45%。土壤水势随着土层深度的加深呈缓慢增加趋势。温度增加,不同土层深度的土壤水势均呈不断降低的趋势,温度增加越多,降幅越大;增温与土壤含水量之间存在着显著的负相关关系。增温能够明显降低春小麦田间土壤贮水量,增加农田总蒸散量。在高温情况下,湿润处理增加了土壤总贮水量,尤其是在拔节期以后。春小麦0~160 cm土壤贮水消耗量在100 cm以上随温度的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,而在100 cm以下深层变化趋势不明显。增温2℃,湿润处理0~160 cm土壤贮水消耗量要高于正常供水和干旱处理。
採用紅外線輻射器增溫法,通過增溫模擬試驗研究瞭增溫對半榦旱區春小麥田間水分特徵的影響。結果錶明,隨著溫度增加,葉片水勢不斷降低,增溫1.0℃和2.0℃的春小麥葉片水勢比沒有增溫的春小麥葉片水勢日平均分彆降低瞭2.61%和4.45%。土壤水勢隨著土層深度的加深呈緩慢增加趨勢。溫度增加,不同土層深度的土壤水勢均呈不斷降低的趨勢,溫度增加越多,降幅越大;增溫與土壤含水量之間存在著顯著的負相關關繫。增溫能夠明顯降低春小麥田間土壤貯水量,增加農田總蒸散量。在高溫情況下,濕潤處理增加瞭土壤總貯水量,尤其是在拔節期以後。春小麥0~160 cm土壤貯水消耗量在100 cm以上隨溫度的增加呈逐漸增加的趨勢,而在100 cm以下深層變化趨勢不明顯。增溫2℃,濕潤處理0~160 cm土壤貯水消耗量要高于正常供水和榦旱處理。
채용홍외선복사기증온법,통과증온모의시험연구료증온대반간한구춘소맥전간수분특정적영향。결과표명,수착온도증가,협편수세불단강저,증온1.0℃화2.0℃적춘소맥협편수세비몰유증온적춘소맥협편수세일평균분별강저료2.61%화4.45%。토양수세수착토층심도적가심정완만증가추세。온도증가,불동토층심도적토양수세균정불단강저적추세,온도증가월다,강폭월대;증온여토양함수량지간존재착현저적부상관관계。증온능구명현강저춘소맥전간토양저수량,증가농전총증산량。재고온정황하,습윤처리증가료토양총저수량,우기시재발절기이후。춘소맥0~160 cm토양저수소모량재100 cm이상수온도적증가정축점증가적추세,이재100 cm이하심층변화추세불명현。증온2℃,습윤처리0~160 cm토양저수소모량요고우정상공수화간한처리。
In order to study the effect of warming on field water characteristics of spring wheat,the field experiments that temperature was increased by an infrared radiator were designed at Dingxi experiment station in semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau in central Gan-su. The results showed that with the increase of temperature,leaf water potential was lowered. Compared with no warming,warming of 1. 0 ℃ and 2. 0 ℃ reduced daily average leaf water potential by 2. 61% and 4. 45%,respectively. Soil water potential increased with increase of soil depth gradually. With the increase of temperature,soil water potential at different soil depth showed a decreasing trend, the higher temperature was,the greater decline of soil water potential was. There was negative correlation between warming and soil wa-ter content. Warming significantly decreased soil water storage of spring wheat,and increased evapotranspiration. Under the conditions of warming 2 ℃,irrigation increased the total storage capacity of soil,especially after jointing stage. Soil water consumption amount increased with the increase of temperature (0-100 cm),while the variation tendency of soil water consumption amount was not obvi-ous (100-160 cm). When temperature was increased by 2℃,soil water consumption amount of wet treatment was higher than that of the normal water supply and drought treatment for 0-160 cm soil depth.