干旱气象
榦旱氣象
간한기상
GANSU METEOROLOGY
2015年
1期
1-18
,共18页
干旱%卫星%遥感%干旱指数%进展
榦旱%衛星%遙感%榦旱指數%進展
간한%위성%요감%간한지수%진전
drought%satellite,remote sensing%drought index%advances
干旱是全球各地区普遍存在的一种气候现象，也是对人类社会影响最为严重的一种自然灾害。全球气候变化和社会发展加剧了干旱的影响程度，增强了干旱灾害的风险，给全球农业、水资源、生态环境安全以及社会可持续发展造成巨大威胁，提高干旱监测和早期预警技术水平是应对、管理干旱和减轻干旱脆弱性的基础。近30 a来随着全球对地观测技术的迅速发展，卫星遥感监测干旱技术取得很大进步，在全球干旱监测和早期预警中发挥着不可替代的作用。但是，干旱是多学科交叉的复杂问题，其发展过程缓慢、时间和空间表现特征差异很大，遥感监测干旱技术在应用中还存在许多技术问题，对抗旱防灾提供支撑的力度仍不够。本文在简要总结卫星遥感监测干旱应用技术的基础上，对各种指数（模型）应用中存在的问题进行评述，指出卫星遥感干旱监测面临的主要技术问题和未来发展机遇；针对我国卫星遥感干旱应用现状，提出了亟待解决的主要问题和应该努力的方向。
榦旱是全毬各地區普遍存在的一種氣候現象，也是對人類社會影響最為嚴重的一種自然災害。全毬氣候變化和社會髮展加劇瞭榦旱的影響程度，增彊瞭榦旱災害的風險，給全毬農業、水資源、生態環境安全以及社會可持續髮展造成巨大威脅，提高榦旱鑑測和早期預警技術水平是應對、管理榦旱和減輕榦旱脆弱性的基礎。近30 a來隨著全毬對地觀測技術的迅速髮展，衛星遙感鑑測榦旱技術取得很大進步，在全毬榦旱鑑測和早期預警中髮揮著不可替代的作用。但是，榦旱是多學科交扠的複雜問題，其髮展過程緩慢、時間和空間錶現特徵差異很大，遙感鑑測榦旱技術在應用中還存在許多技術問題，對抗旱防災提供支撐的力度仍不夠。本文在簡要總結衛星遙感鑑測榦旱應用技術的基礎上，對各種指數（模型）應用中存在的問題進行評述，指齣衛星遙感榦旱鑑測麵臨的主要技術問題和未來髮展機遇；針對我國衛星遙感榦旱應用現狀，提齣瞭亟待解決的主要問題和應該努力的方嚮。
간한시전구각지구보편존재적일충기후현상，야시대인류사회영향최위엄중적일충자연재해。전구기후변화화사회발전가극료간한적영향정도，증강료간한재해적풍험，급전구농업、수자원、생태배경안전이급사회가지속발전조성거대위협，제고간한감측화조기예경기술수평시응대、관리간한화감경간한취약성적기출。근30 a래수착전구대지관측기술적신속발전，위성요감감측간한기술취득흔대진보，재전구간한감측화조기예경중발휘착불가체대적작용。단시，간한시다학과교차적복잡문제，기발전과정완만、시간화공간표현특정차이흔대，요감감측간한기술재응용중환존재허다기술문제，대항한방재제공지탱적력도잉불구。본문재간요총결위성요감감측간한응용기술적기출상，대각충지수（모형）응용중존재적문제진행평술，지출위성요감간한감측면림적주요기술문제화미래발전궤우；침대아국위성요감간한응용현상，제출료극대해결적주요문제화응해노력적방향。
Drought is a natural climate phenomenon occurring throughout the world,which is one of the most severe natural hazards that affects the society and brings the economic losses. In recent years,the global climate change and society development increased the de-gree of drought influence and risk,which brought a great threat to global agriculture,water resourse,ecological environment security and the sustainable development of the society. Thus,to improve the drought monitoring and early warning technology level is the foun-dation to deal with drought and alleviate the drought vulnerability. Satellite remote sensing technology has made great progress in drought monitoring and plays an irreplaceable role in global drought monitoring and early warning with the development of the earth ob-servation technology in recent thirty years. However,it is not enough to provide support for drought disaster prevention and mitigation, for the drought is a complex problem needed interdisciplinary study,and its spatial and temporal characteristics differences are greatly. In this paper,we reviewed and summarized the drought monitoring technology of satellite remote sensing,evaluated and discussed the various problems existing in remote sensing drought indices and models,indicated the main technical problems of satellite remote sens-ing drought monitoring and the future development opportunities,and put forward the main problems to be solved and the direction should effort in view of the current situation of China’s satellite remote sensing drought application.
