CAJ | 학술논문

基因敲除是20世纪80年代末发展起来的一门新技术，2007年获得诺贝尔生理或医学奖。然而在很长一段时间内，由于胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell，ES cell）体外的成功培养仅限于小鼠，该技术很难在其它动物种系中完成。2008年至今随着新 ES 细胞基因打靶、锌指核酸酶（zinc finger nucleases，ZFNs）、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶（transcription activator-like effect nucleases， TALENs）和规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列／Cas9内切酶（clusters of regularly interspased short pal-indromic repeats／Cas9，CRISPR／Cas9）等新技术的不断涌现，使在疾病研究中更接近于人类的大中型动物基因敲除成为可能。本综述将介绍近几年来以上几种基因敲除新技术在大中型动物上的成功应用及重大意义。
기인고제시20세기80년대말발전기래적일문신기술，2007년획득낙패이생리혹의학장。연이재흔장일단시간내，유우배태간세포（embryonic stem cell，ES cell）체외적성공배양부한우소서，해기술흔난재기타동물충계중완성。2008년지금수착신 ES 세포기인타파、자지핵산매（zinc finger nucleases，ZFNs）、전록격활인자양효응물핵산매（transcription activator-like effect nucleases， TALENs）화규률성족적간격단회문중복서렬／Cas9내절매（clusters of regularly interspased short pal-indromic repeats／Cas9，CRISPR／Cas9）등신기술적불단용현，사재질병연구중경접근우인류적대중형동물기인고제성위가능。본종술장개소근궤년래이상궤충기인고제신기술재대중형동물상적성공응용급중대의의。
Technique of homologous recombination based gene targeting developed in the late 1 980s and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007.However,this technique could only performed in mice which embryonic stem (ES)cells could keep in the potential of multifunction in vitro.Therefore gene knockout technology was difficult to be applied in other species of animals for a long time.Since 2008,with the development of the new technologies,such as the new ES cell gene targeting,zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)and clusters of regularly in-terspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9),building gene knockout in large and medium animals models which are similar to human in disease research becomes possible.This review describes some new gene knockout technologies in large and medium animal models for recent years.